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1、What'ssofunny?JohnMcCronereviewsrecentresearchonhumourThejokecomesovertheheadphones:'Whichsideofadoghasthemosthair?Theleft.'No,notfunny.Tryagain.'Whichsideofadoghasthemosthair?Theoutside.'Hah!Thepunchlineissillyyetfitting,temptingasmile,evenalaugh.Laughte
2、rhasalwaysstruckpeopleasdeeplymysterious,perhapspointless.ThewriterArthurKoestlerdubbedittheluxuryreflex:'uniqueinthatitservesnoapparentbiologicalpurpose'.Theoriesabouthumourhaveanancientpedigree.Platoexpressedtheideathathumourissimplyadelightedfeelingofs
3、uperiorityoverothers.KantandFreudfeltthatjoke-tellingreliesonbuildingupapsychictensionwhichissafelypuncturedbytheludicrousnessofthepunchline.ButmostmodernhumourtheoristshavesettledonsomeversionofAristotle'sbeliefthatjokesarebasedonareactiontoorresolutiono
4、fincongruity,whenthepunchlineiseitheranonsenseor,thoughappearingsilly,hasacleversecondmeaning.GraemeRitchie,acomputationallinguistinEdinburgh,studiesthelinguisticstructureofjokesinordertounderstandnotonlyhumourbutlanguageunderstandingandreasoninginmachine
5、s.Hesaysthatwhilethereisnosingleformatforjokes,manyrevolvearoundasuddenandsurprisingconceptualshift.Acomedianwillpresentasituationfollowedbyanunexpectedinterpretationthatisalsoapt.Soevenifapunchlinesoundssilly,thelistenercanseethereisacleversemanticfitand
6、thatsuddenmental'Aha!'isthebuzzthatmakesuslaugh.Viewedfromthisangle,humourisjustaformofcreativeinsight,asuddenleaptoanewperspective.However,thereisanothertypeoflaughter,thelaughterofsocialappeasementanditisimportanttounderstandthistoo.Playisacrucialpartof
7、developmentinmostyoungmammals.Ratsproduceultrasonicsqueakstopreventtheirscufflesturningnasty.Chimpanzeeshavea'play-face'-agapingexpressionaccompaniedbyapanting'ah,ah'noise.Inhumans,thesesignalshavemutatedintosmilesandlaughs.Researchersbelievesocialsituati
8、ons,ratherthancognitiveeventssuchasjokes,triggertheseinstinctualmarkersofplayorappeasement.Peoplelaughonfairgroundridesorwhentickledtoflagaplaysituation,whethertheyfeelamusedornot.Bothsocialandcognitivetypesoflaught