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1、JournalofGeodesy42002)76:95±104DOI10.1007/s00190-001-0225-6StochasticassessmentofGPScarrierphasemeasurementsforprecisestaticrelativepositioningJ.Wang,C.Satirapod,C.RizosSchoolofSurveyingandSpatialInformationSystems,UniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney,NS
2、W2052,Australiae-mail:jinling.wang@unsw.edu.au;Tel.:+61-2-9385-4203;Fax:+61-2-9313-7493Received:13February2001/Accepted:3September2001Abstract.Globalpositioningsystem4GPS)carrierstaticpositioningisinvariablyperformedusingtheleast-phasemeasurementsare
3、usedinallprecisestaticrelativesquares4LS)method.InordertoemploytheLSmethodpositioningapplications.TheGPScarrierphasemea-forGPSrelativepositioning,boththefunctionalandsurementsaregenerallyprocessedusingtheleast-squar-stochasticmodelsoftheGPSmeasuremen
4、tsneedtobeesmethod,forwhichbothfunctionalandstochasticde®ned.Thefunctionalmodel,alsocalledthemathe-modelsneedtobecarefullyde®ned.Whilstthefunc-maticalmodel,describesthemathematicalrelationshipstionalmodelforpreciseGPSpositioningiswelldocu-betweentheG
5、PSmeasurementsandtheunknownmentedintheliterature,realisticstochasticmodellingparameterssuchastheambiguitytermsandthebaselinefortheGPScarrierphasemeasurementsisstillbothacomponents.Thestochasticmodeldescribesthestatisti-controversialtopicandadiculttas
6、ktoaccomplishincalpropertiesofthemeasurements,whicharemainlypractice.Thecommonpracticeofassumingthattherawde®nedbyanappropriatecovariancematrix.OvertheGPSmeasurementsarestatisticallyindependentinspacelasttwodecadesthefunctionalmodelsforGPScarrierandt
7、ime,andhavethesameaccuracy,iscertainlynotphaseshavebeeninvestigatedinconsiderabledetail,andrealistic.Anymis-speci®cationinthestochasticmodelarewelldocumentedintheliterature4forexample,inwillinevitablyleadtounreliablepositioningresults.AsuchtextsasSee
8、ber1993;Hofmann-Wellenhofetal.stochasticassessmentprocedurehasbeendevelopedto1994;Leick1995;Rizos1997;TeunissenandKleusbergtakeintoaccounttheheteroscedastic,space-andtime-1998).However,accuratestochasticmodellingforthecorrelatederrorstructureoftheGPS
