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1、EngineeringGeology51(1999)203±224LosAngelesmetrorailproject±geologicandgeotechnicaldesignandconstructionconstraintsAnthonyF.Stirbysa,Z.RichardRadwanskib,RichardJ.Proctorc,RichardF.Escandond,*aDeLeuwCatherandCo.,USAbDamesandMoore,USAcConsultant,USAdMetropolitanWaterDistrictofSouthernCalifornia,USAAb
2、stractTheLosAngelesMetroRailProjectispartofaplanned30yeartransportationsystemdevelopmentthatwillincludeover480kmoflightrail,heavyrailandcommutertrainsspanningthegreaterLosAngelesarea.ThebackboneofthesystemandfocalpointofthispaperistheRedLineProjectwhichconsistsofaheavyrailsubwaysystemwith37kmoftwin
3、6.6meterdiametertunnels.Numerousgeologicandgeotechnicalrelatedissuesinvolvingregionalseismicity,activefaults,highgroundwater,toxicandpotentiallyexplosivesubsurfacegases,abandonedoilwellsandoil®elds,andbothsoft-groundandhardrockconditionsaboveandbelowthegroundwatersurface,haveimposedconstraintsonthe
4、designandconstructionofthesubwayproject.Complicatingdesignandconstructionmattersfurther,theprojectisroutedthroughtheheartofamajormetropolitanareaandhastunneledunderfreewaysandhigh-risebuildings,beneathbusycitystreetsandthroughoil®eldsandcontaminatedgroundwater.Innovativesolutionstonaturalandman-mad
5、eproblemshaveincludeduniquetunnelsupportdesignstoaccommodateormitigaterisksassociatedwithearthquakes,chemicalandcompactiongroutingtoenhancegroundperformanceandreducesurfacesettlementsduringtunneling,containment,treatmentanddisposalofcontaminatedgroundwater,sophisticatedgasmonitoringequipmentfortunn
6、elingingassyground,anduseofmagnetometerstodetectabandonedoilwellcasingsinfrontofadvancingtunnelingmachines.©1999ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Tunneling;Seismicityandfaulting;Gassyground;Abandonedoilwellcasings;Contaminatedgroundwater;Chemicalandcompactiongrouting;Instrumentation1.In
7、troductionCalifornia.Aspartofaplanned30yeartrans-portationproject,thesystemwillincludeoverTheLosAngelesMetroRailProjectisinits480kmoflightrail,heavyrailandcommutertenthyearofconstructionandisoneofthelargest
