Helpful self-control Autonomy support, vitality, and depletion

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1、Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.comJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology44(2008)573–585www.elsevier.com/locate/jespqHelpfulself-control:Autonomysupport,vitality,anddepletiona,*ba,cMarkMuraven,Maryle`neGagne´,HeatherRosmanaDepartmentofPsychology,UniversityatAlbany,Albany,NY12222,USAb

2、JohnMolsonSchoolofBusiness,ConcordiaUniversity,USAcUniversityatAlbany,Albany,NY12222,USAReceived17September2006;revised22October2007Availableonline5November2007AbstractWhysomeoneexertsself-controlmayinfluencehowdepletingataskis.Feelingcompelledtoexertself-controlrequiremoreself-con-trol

3、strengththanexertingself-controlformoreautonomousreasons.Acrossthreeexperiments,individualswhoseautonomywassup-portedwhileexertingself-controlperformedbetteronasubsequenttestofself-controlascomparedtoindividualswhohadmorepressureplaceduponthemwhileexertingself-control.Thedifferencesinse

4、lf-controlperformancewerenotduetoanxiety,stress,unpleasantness,orreducedmotivationamongthecontrolledparticipants.Additionalanalysessuggestedthatthedeclineinself-controlperformancewasmediatedbysubjectivevitality.Feelingsofautonomysupportleadtoenhancedfeelingsofsubjectivevitality.Thisinc

5、reasedvitalitymayhelpreplenishlostego-strength,whichleadtobetterself-controlperformancesubsequently.Ó2007ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Self-control;Depletion;Self-determinationtheory;AutonomysupportAreattemptstoloseweightmorelikelytosucceedwhenSelf-controlistheprocessofoverrid

6、ingorinhibitingthepersonfeelsthatitishisorherfreechoicetodietorautomatic,habitual,orinnatebehaviors,urges,emotions,whenheorshefeelspressuretodoso?Extensiveresearchordesiresthatwouldotherwiseinterferewithgoaldirectedhasfoundthatindividualswhodietinautonomysupport-behavior(Barkley,1997a;

7、Baumeister,Heatherton,&Tice,ivesituationshaveaneasiertimeandaremorelikelyto1994;Kanfer&Karoly,1972).Withoutself-control,anloseweightthanindividualswhodietinamorecontrollingindividualwouldengageinautomatic,habitual,orinnateenvironments(e.g.,Williams,Grow,Freedman,Ryan,&behaviors(Bargh