Time-Dependent Processes in Memory Storage

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1、amnesia,"hasalsobeenobservedinpatientsgivenelectroshocktreatments(5).Systematicexperimentalstudiesofretrogradeamnesiaininfrahumanspe-Time-DependentProcessescieswereinitiatedalmost20yearsago,butthetheoreticalandmethodologicalinMemoryStoragequestionsraisedbytheinitialexperi-mentsarecurrentlyactive

2、issues.Inthefirstofsuchexperiments(6),ani-Recentstudiesoflearningandmemoryindicatethatmalsweregivenanelectroconvulsiveshock(ECS)aftereachtrialinalearn-memorystorageinvolvestime-dependentprocesses.ingtask.AnimalsgivenelectroshockimmediatelyaftereachtrainingtrialJamesL.McGaughshowedlittleevidenceo

3、flearning.Ingeneral,learningrateincreaseddirect-lywithincreasesintheintervalbe-tweenlearningtrialandtreatment.Sinceelectroshockproduces-atleastTheabilityofanimalstorecordfactbutalsohandlethecomplicatedmomentarily-profoundelectrophysio-experiencesandtomodifytheirbe-problemofmemorytraceconsolida-l

4、ogicaldisturbancesinthebrain,havioraccordingtothenatureofthetion.Itisbecomingincreasinglyclear,theseexperiments,aswellasnumer-experiencesclearlyranksasoneofonthebasisofrecentresearchfind-oussimilarones(7),providedstrongthemostimportantaswellasoneofings,thatthememorytraceofanex-evidenceforthegene

5、ralhypothesisthemostexcitingphenomenaofbiol-perienceisnotlaiddowninanylast-thatmemorytraceconsolidationpro-ogy.Inthelastdecade,andparticu-ingwayeitherduringorimmediatelycessesaretime-dependent.However,larlyduringthelastfewyears,interestaftertheexperience.Rather,itap-theexperimentsdidnotcompletel

6、yinthenatureoftheprocessesunder-pearsthatshort-termprocessesprovideruleoutthepossibilitythattheresultslyinglearningandmemoryhassurgedatemporarybasisforrecallofexper-wereduetosomeothereffectoref-dramatically.Toaconsiderabledegreeiencesandthattheconsolidationoffectsofelectroshock.Forexample,itrese

7、archintothephysiologicalbaseslong-termtracesinvolvesprocessesoc-wassuggestedthatpunishment,ratherofmemoryhasconsistedofattemptscurringoverrelativelylongintervalsofthanamnesia,mightbethebasisoftofindevidenceofsomepermanenttim