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1、Ann.Rev.FluidMech.1977.9:87-111Copyright©1977byAnnualReviewsInc.AllrighlsreservedHISTORYOFBOUNDARY�8098LAYERTHEORYItiroTaniNationalAerospaceLaboratory,1880Jindaiji,Chofu,Tokyo,JapanGENESISANDEARLIERDEVELOPMENTSIntroductionTheboundary-layertheorybeganwithLudwigPrand
2、tl'spaperOnthemotionofafluidwithverysmallviscosity,whichwaspresentedattheThirdInternationalCongressofMathematiciansinAugust,1904,atHeidelbergandpublishedintheProceedingsoftheCongressinthefollowingyear.Thispapermarkedanepochinthehistoryoffluidmechanics,opening.thewa
3、yforunderstandingthemotionofrealfluids.Nevertheless,thegenesisoftheboundary-layertheorystoodinsublimeisolation:nothingsimilarhadeverbeensuggestedbefore,andnopublicationsonthesubjectfollowedexceptasmallnumberofpapersduetoPrandtl'sstudentsforalmosttwodecades.Theequat
4、ionsofmotionofaviscousfluidwereestablishedinthefirsthalfofthelastcenturybyNavier(1823),Poisson(1831),Saint-Venant(1843),andStokes(1845),havingattainedtheformthatisnowcalledtheNavier-Stokesequations.Stokesusedtheequationstoconsiderthesmalloscillationsofasphereinavis
5、cousfluidbyassumingthatthereisnoslip,thatis,norelativetangentialvelocity,atthesurfaccofthesphere.ConfusionhadprevailedbeforeastotheconditionstobyUniversityofMelbourneon03/01/10.Forpersonaluseonly.besatisfiedbythefluidatthewallofthesolidboundary:Stokes(1845)seemstoh
6、avebeeninitiallyinclinedtothehypothesisofnoslip,butwhencalculationsonflowthroughapipegaveresultsatvariancewithexperimentsknowntohimatthattime,hehesitatedbetweentheno-slipandsliphypotheses.Inhis1851paper,Annu.Rev.FluidMech.1977.9:87-111.Downloadedfromarjournals.annu
7、alreviews.orghowever,hedecidedtoadopttheformeronthegroundsthatthiswouldmeanregardingthefrictionbetweensolidandfluidasofthesamenatureasthefrictionbetweenfluids,andalsothatthiswouldleadtosatisfactoryagreementwithexperiments.Later,itwasfoundthatthecalculationsbasedont
8、hesamehypothesisforflowthroughapipe,begunbyStokes(1845)andrepeatedbyvariousauthors,alsogavegoodagreementwithsubsequentexperimentalresults.Thesolu
