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1、Valley-PolarizedQuantumTransportGeneratedbyGaugeFieldsinGrapheneMikkelSettnes,1,2,JoseH.Garcia,3andStephanRoche3,41CenterforNanostructuredGraphene(CNG),DepartmentofMicro-andNanotechnologyEngineering,TechnicalUniversityofDenmark,DK-2800Kgs.Lyngby,Denmark2DepartmentofPhotonicsEngineering,Techn
2、icalUniversityofDenmark,DK-2800Kgs.Lyngby,Denmark3CatalanInstituteofNanoscienceandNanotechnology(ICN2),CSICandTheBarcelonaInstituteofScienceandTechnology,CampusUAB,Bellaterra,08193Barcelona,Spain4ICREA-InstitucioCatalanadeRecercaiEstudisAvancats,08010Barcelona,Spain(Dated:May26,2017)Wereporto
3、nthepossibilitytosimultaneouslygenerateingrapheneabulkvalley-polarizeddissipativetrans-portandaquantumvalleyHalleffectbycombiningstrain-inducedgaugefieldsandrealmagneticfields.Suchuniquephenomenonresultsfromaresonance/anti-resonanceeffectdrivenbythesuperposition/cancellationofsuperimposedgaugefi
4、eldswhichdifferentlyaffecttimereversalsymmetry.Theonsetofavalley-polarizedHallcurrentconcomitanttoadissipativevalley-polarizedcurrentflowintheoppositevalleyisrevealedbya2e=hHallconductivityplateau.WeemployefficientlinearscalingKubotransportmethodscombinedwithavalleyprojectionschemetoaccessvalle
5、y-dependentconductivitiesandshowthattheresultsarerobustagainstdisorder.Ingrapheneandothertwo-dimensionalmaterials,fields(PMFs)ofoppositesignsinthetwovalleysdegeneratevalleysofenergybands,well-separatedinformingthelow-energyelectronicbandstructure[18].momentumspace,constituteadiscretedegreeoffr
6、ee-Inparticular,mechanicaldeformationsalignedalongdomforlow-energycarriers,providedintervalleymix-threemaincrystallographicdirectionswerepredictedingisnegligible(caseoflongrangedisorder).Suchtogeneratestronggaugefields,actingeffectivelyasanvalleydegreeoffreedomcanthenbeseenasanon-uniformmagnet
7、icfield,openingthepossibilitytotrig-volatileinformationcarrier,providedthatitcanbegerapseudomagneticquantumHalleffectforstrainedcoupledtoexternalprobes.Similarlytoresearchinsuperlattices[19].Experimentally,evidencesofPMFsgraphenespintronics[1,
