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1、PolicingandSociety,2002,Vol.12,No.1,pp.1–13COMMUNITYANDPOLICINGSTRATEGIES:ACHINESEAPPROACHTOCRIMECONTROLXIAOMINGCHENLawSchoolofXiamenUniversity,Xiamen,Fujian,P.R.China(SubmittedDecember2000;AcceptedFebruary2000;InfinalformJuly2000)Thisarticleexploresthefuncti
2、onsofcommunity,animportantinstitutionofsocialcontrolinChina.Thespecificcontrolfunctionsaregroundedinauniquemacro-controlsystem,whichistotallydifferentfromthattypicalofWesternCountries.Policingstrategiesdependsstronglyonmassparticipation.Informalsocialcontroli
3、sparticularlysignificantasitappearstoplayamoreimportantroleincontrollingandprevent-ingcrimeinChinesesocietythanintheWesternworld.Also,thisarticlediscussesstrengthandweaknessoftheChineseapproachtocontrolofcrime.Keywords:Community;Policingstrategy;Socialcontrol
4、;Neighborhood;CommitteeAppealstocommunityforcrimecontrolandpreventionisbecomingmoreandmoreconspicuousallovertheworldtoday.JustasDennisRosenbaumstates:‘‘Weareenteringtheheydayofcommunitycrimeprevention.Neverbeforehasthenotionofcitizeninvolvementincrimepreventi
5、onreceivedsuchwidespreadsupportfromlawenforcement,themedia,thegeneralpublic,thefederalgovernment,andeventheacademiccommunity’’(1987:103).InChina,thecomprehensivestrategies,whichimplythat,undertheguidanceofthecentralgovernment,thewholesocietyisfullymobilizedto
6、takeallkindsofmeasurestopreventcrimesandreformcriminalssoastomaintainapeacefulsocialorder,placeagreateremphasisonfunctionsofcommunityinsocialcontrolandsocializationofpeople.Theterms‘‘socialcontrol’’and‘‘community’’areusedsofrequentlytodaythattheyareoftenassum
7、edthateveryonemeansthesamethingwhenusingthem.Yetdefi-nitionsofsocialcontrolandcommunitydifferwidelyinmeaningsandcontents.‘‘Socialcontrol(bothasaconceptandanotion)iscurrentlyinterpretedindifferentwaysindifferentacademicdisciplines,andisutilizedforavarietyofpur
8、poses’’(Wardak,2000:15).Asinothercountries,therearequitebigdifferenceswithincriminologicalliteratureinChina.Generallyspeaking,however,inChina,‘‘socialcontrol’’isconsid-eredasagenerictermf
