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1、ManufacturingProcessesMaterialRemoval(ObliqueCutting)DefinitionandIssues•Cuttingedgeisnotnormaltothedirectionoftravel•Forceandpoweranalysisisnotsimple•Cuttingparameters(speed,feed,depthofcut)foundfromtablesorempiricformulae•Ingeneral,P=KCQWwhereQisMRRpandK,C,andWareconstant
2、sp21CuttingGeometryVPlanViCuttingαVEdgeElevation3ObliqueCuttingMethods•Turning–Workpiecerotatesandcarriagemoves•Milling–Toolrotatesandmachinebedmoves–Horizontal(SlabMilling)–Vertical(EndMilling)•Drilling–Toolrotatesandworkpieceremainsstationary42Turning•Latheisusedtoperform
3、turning•Thetoolremainsstationaryandtheworkpiecerotates•TypicalCuttingParameters–Speedsare0.15to4m/s(30to800ft/min)–Feedsare0.2to2mm/rev(8to80thou/rev)–DepthsofCutaregreaterthan0.5mm(0.02in)–Thesearedeterminedfromtables5LatheSpecifications•Swing(MaximumWorkpieceDiameter)•Max
4、imumDistancebetweenHeadstockandTailstock•BedLength•MotorPower•Note:thez-axisliesalongtherotatingaxis63ToolSpecifications•Inessence,thetoolisasinglepoint•However,itsgeometrycanbequitecomplex•Geometricparameters–RakeAngle:controlschipflowandtoolstrength–ReliefAngle:controlsru
5、bbing–CuttingEdgeAngle:controlssurfacefinish–NoseRadius:largevaluesaregoodbutcanproducetoolchatter7TurningAnalysisMaterialRemovalRate,(MRR)=πDavdfNmm3/sDav=(Do+Df)/2butifDo>>dthenDav≈DoCuttingTime,t=L/(fN)sFeed,fisinmm/revSpeed,Nisinrev/sDepthofCut,disinmmOriginalDiameter,D
6、oinmmFinalDiameter,DfinmmWorkpieceLength,Linmm84LatheGeometry9TurningToolGeometry105ToolGeometrySpecifications11TurningOperations126TurningFeedsandSpeedsBoxToolFinalDia.DepthofFeed(ipr)Feed(ipr)Speed(in.)Cut(in.)20116061(sfm)>1/4in1/160.0120.0101/0.0100.00860081/8to1/41/320
7、.0120.010to1/0.0100.0091000161/16to1/81/320.0080.0071/0.0070.0061613Milling•Mostusefulcuttingoperation•Cutscanbedoneinallthreeaxes(x,y,z)•Acontrolledthreedimensionalcutcanbeusedtocutcomplex3Dshapes,provideaballendmilloffourthaxisisused•“Drilling”operationsareachievedbyusing
8、acentercuttingmillingbit147TypesofMilling•HorizontalMilling(HorizontalAxisRotation
