Arithmetic coding

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1、IntroductiontoArithmeticCoding-TheoryandPracticeAmirSaidImagingSystemsLaboratoryHPLaboratoriesPaloAltoHPL-2004-76April21,2004*entropycoding,Thisintroductiontoarithmeticcodingisdividedintwoparts.Thefirstcompression,explainshowandwhyarithmeticcodingworks.Westartpresentin

2、gitincomplexityverygeneralterms,sothatitssimplicityisnotlostunderlayersofimplementationdetails.Next,weshowsomeofitsbasicproperties,whicharelaterusedinthecomputationaltechniquesrequiredforapracticalimplementation.Inthesecondpart,wecoverthepracticalimplementationaspects,

3、includingarithmeticoperationswithlowprecision,thesubdivisionofcodingandmodeling,andtherealizationofadaptiveencoders.Wealsoanalyzethearithmeticcodingcomputationalcomplexity,andtechniquestoreduceit.Westartsomesectionsbyfirstintroducingthenotationandmostofthemathematicald

4、efinitions.Thereadershouldnotbeintimidatedifatfirsttheirmotivationisnotclear:thesearealwaysfollowedbyexamplesandexplanations.*InternalAccessionDateOnlyPublishedasachapterinLosslessCompressionHandbookbyKhalidSayoodApprovedforExternalPublicationãCopyrightAcademicPressCon

5、tents1ArithmeticCodingPrinciples11.1DataCompressionandArithmeticCoding........................11.2Notation...........................................21.3CodeValues.........................................41.4ArithmeticCoding.....................................51.4.1En

6、codingProcess..................................51.4.2DecodingProcess..................................101.5OptimalityofArithmeticCoding.............................121.6ArithmeticCodingProperties...............................141.6.1DynamicSources......................

7、............141.6.2EncoderandDecoderSynchronizedDecisions..................141.6.3SeparationofCodingandSourceModeling...................151.6.4IntervalRescaling.................................151.6.5ApproximateArithmetic..............................171.6.6Conditionsf

8、orCorrectDecoding.........................202ArithmeticCodingImplementation232.1CodingwithFixed-PrecisionArithmetic..