The Rise of Capitalism and the roots of anti-American terrorism

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1、JournalofPeaceResearchTheriseofcapitalismandtheroots2015,Vol.52(1)46–61ªTheAuthor(s)2014Reprintsandpermission:ofanti-Americanterrorismsagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.navDOI:10.1177/0022343314552940jpr.sagepub.comTimKrieger&DanielMeierrieksDepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofFreiburgAbstractThiscon

2、tributionexaminestheroleofcapitalisminanti-Americanterrorism.Itusestwotheoreticalframeworks,bothofwhichcontrastthepacifyingeffectsofhigherlevelsofcapitalistdevelopmentwiththepotentiallydestabiliz-ingeffectsofatransitiontowardscapitalism,butdifferwithrespecttotheirdefinitionofcapitalism,capitalism’

3、sinteractionwithanti-Americanterrorism,anditsempiricaloperationalization.Usingpaneldatafor149countriesbetween1970and2007andprovidingfurthersystem-leveltime-seriesevidence,thiscontributionfindsnosupportforhypothesesderivedfromtheclassicalcapitalistpeaceliterature.Thereisnoevidencethatanti-Americant

4、errorismincreaseswithexternaleconomicliberalizationorthatitdecreaseswithhigherlevelsofeconomicopenness.Bycon-trast,hypothesesderivedfromeconomicnormstheoryfindempiricalsupport.Conceptualizingcapitalismassocialmarket-capitalism,thisarticlefindsthathigherlevelsofmarket-capitalismareassociatedwithles

5、santi-Americanter-rorism,whiletheprocessofmarketizationfuelsit.Consistentwithexpectationsfromeconomicnormstheory,thedestabilizingeffectsofthemarketizationprocessmaystemfromtheviolentoppositionofantimarketinterestgroupsthathavebenefitedfromthepre-marketordertotheeconomic-culturalchangeinitiatedbyat

6、ransitiontowardsamarketeconomy.TheseinterestgroupsdeliberatelytargettheUSAasthemainproponentofmarket-capitalism,globalization,andmodernity,whereanti-Americanterrorismservesthepurposeofconsolidatingtheirsocietalposi-tion,rollingbackpro-marketreformsandlimitingtheperceivedAmericanizationoftheircommu

7、nities.Thiscon-tribution’sfindingssuggestthattheUSAmayultimatelybecomealesslikelytargetoftransnationalterrorismthroughtheestablishmentofmarketeconomies,butshouldnotdisregardthedisruptiveeconomic-culturaleffectsof