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1、MOYAP01ProceedingsofIPAC2012,NewOrleans,Louisiana,USAACCELERATORDRIVENSYSTEMS∗D.VandeplasscheandL.MedeirosRomao,SCK•CEN,Mol,BelgiumAbstractAcceleratorDrivenSystemsarewidelyconsideredaspromisingdevicesforthetransmutationofnuclearwaste,aswellasusefulschemesforTh-ba
2、sedenergyproduc-tion.Thispaperaimsatgivinganoverviewoftheaccel-eratorrequirementsforsuccessfulADSoperation.Itthenhighlightsthemostsignificantactivitiesworldwideinthisdomain.Commonfeaturesare:superconductingprotonlinacsandPb-Bicooledreactors.INTRODUCTIONFigure1:Sch
3、ematicoverviewofthenuclearwasteproblemAmongtheapplicationsofparticleaccelerators,thepro-ductionofneutronsbyhittingatargetmadeofheavyele-3.Therequiredbeamintensityisobtainedasmentswithaprotonbeamiswellknown.Suchaspalla-tionreactionrequiresaprotonenergyaboveafewhun
4、ded(1−k)PthIb=MeV.Abovearound1GeVtheneutronyieldperincidentnfEfprotonscaleswithenergy,andtheoptimumenergycostperneutronliesintheprotonenergyrange12GeV,wherewherePthisthereactor’sthermalpower,ntheneutronroughly2030neutronsareproducedperincidentproton.multiplicity,
5、fthefractionofneutronscausingfission,Ontheotherhanditisalsowellknownthat,underspe-Eftheenergyreleaseperfission.Insertingtypicalnumbersgivesabeampower≈1(1−k)P.Thecificconditions,aneutronpopulationmaybemultiplied2thhighpowernatureoftherequiredacceleratoristhusthrougha
6、fissionprocess,whichisthebasisofthenuclearreadilyapparentbyconsideringatypical100MWthreactor.Inthecaseofacriticalreactorwithacriticalas-experimentalreactor.semblythereisanequilibriumbetweentheincreaseduetomultiplicationandthelosses,leadingtoasteadystatewithThecons
7、iderationofADSismuchindebtedtotheconceptanon-zeroneutronpopulation.oftheEnergyAmplifierbyCarloRubbia[1].SuchasteadystatemayalsobeobtainedinasubcriticalThenuclearwasteproblemispresentedinaverysimpli-assembly,providedthereisanexternalsourceofneutrons.fiedandschematic
8、wayinfig.1.Itrepresentsthe2mainInthiscasethesubcriticalassemblymultipliesthesourceissues:neutronpopulationbyafactor1/(1−keff),wherekeff<1isthesubcriticalityleve
