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1、Chapter2AmericanHistoryImmigrantsThefirstAmericans:theIndiansTheindigenouspeoplesoftheU.S.mainland,includingAlaskaNatives,aremostcommonlybelievedtohavemigratedfromSiberia,Asia.Theybeganarrivingatleast11,000andasmanyas17,000yearsago.Somedevelopedadvancedagriculture,g
2、randarchitecture,andstate-levelsocieties.AfterEuropeansbegansettlingtheAmericas,manymillionsofindigenousAmericansdiedfromepidemicsofimporteddiseasessuchassmallpox,Chickenpox.ReligiousimmigrantsBritishimmigrantswhocametothecoloniesforreligiousfreedom.Twogroups:(1)The
3、Pilgrims(Protestants),soughttoleavetheChurchofEngland.(2)thePuritanswantedtoreformbysettinganexampleofaholycommunitythroughthesocietytheyweretobuildinthenewworld.(1)ThePilgrimssailedtoAmericaontheMayflowerandestablishedthePlymouthcolony(inMassachusetts)in1620.Origin
4、ofThanksgivingday.(2)ThePuritansorganizedbytheMassachusettsBayCompanycametoAmericaandestablishedtheMassachusettsBayColonyin1629.Thediscoveryandsettlement(1)Norse:ThereisevidencetoprovethatthefirstEuropeanstoarriveinNorthAmericawereNorse,travellingfromGreenland.*Eric
5、theRed(950–c.1003)foundedthefirstNordicsettlementinGreenland.(2)ColumbusChristopherColumbusisbelievedtohavebeenthediscovererofAmerica.In1492,GenoeseexplorerChristopherColumbus,undercontracttotheSpanishcrown,reachedseveralCaribbeanislands,makingfirstcontactwiththeind
6、igenouspeople.HisarrivalinAmericaopenedupanewwordforEuropeansandinitiatedthespreadofcivilizationtoanewworld.ColonialPeriodreferstothehistoryofthelandfromthestartofEuropeansettlementtothetimeofindependencefromEurope,andespeciallytothehistoryofthethirteencoloniesofBri
7、tainwhichdeclaredthemselvesindependentin1776.(1)EnglishcoloniesTheEnglishestablishedcoloniesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmericafromNewfoundlandasfarsouthasFlorida.ThefirstsuccessfulEnglishcolonywasJamestown,establishedin1607,onasmallrivernearChesapeakeBay.Theventurewasf
8、inancedandcoordinatedbytheLondonVirginiaCompany,ajointstockcompanylookingforgold.Itsfirstyearswereextremelydifficult,withveryhighdeathrate
