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1、Myers’PSYCHOLOGYChapter12MotivationandWorkMotivationMotivationaneedordesirethatenergizesanddirectsbehaviorInstinctcomplexbehaviorthatisrigidlypatternedthroughoutaspeciesandisunlearnedMotivationDrive-ReductionTheorytheideathataphysiologicalneedcreatesanarousedtensionstate(adrive)thatmo
2、tivatesanorganismtosatisfytheneedDrive-reducingbehaviors(eating,drinking)Need(e.g.,forfood,water)Drive(hunger,thirst)MotivationHomeostasistendencytomaintainabalancedorconstantinternalstateregulationofanyaspectofbodychemistryaroundaparticularlevelIncentiveapositiveornegativeenvironment
3、alstimulusthatmotivatesbehaviorMaslow’sHierarchyofNeedsbeginsatthebasewithphysiologicalneedsthatmustfirstbesatisfiedthenhigher-levelsafetyneedsbecomeactivethenpsychologicalneedsbecomeactiveSelf-actualizationneedsNeedtoliveuptoone’sfullestanduniquepotentialEsteemneedsNeedforself-esteem
4、,achievement,competence,andindependence;needforrecognitionandrespectfromothersSafetyneedsNeedtofeelthattheworldisorganizedandpredictable;needtofeelsafe,secure,andstableBelongingnessandloveneedsNeedtoloveandbeloved,tobelongandbeaccepted;needtoavoidlonelinessandalienationPhysiologicalne
5、edsNeedtosatisfyhungerandthirstMotivation-HungerStomachcontractionsaccompanyourfeelingsofhungerMotivation-HungerGlucosetheformofsugarthatcirculatesinthebloodprovidesthemajorsourceofenergyforbodytissueswhenitslevelislow,wefeelhungerMotivation-HungerSetPointthepointatwhichanindividual’s
6、“weightthermostat”issupposedlysetwhenthebodyfallsbelowthisweight,anincreaseinhungerandaloweredmetabolicratemayacttorestorethelostweightBasalMetabolicRatebody’sbaserateofenergyexpenditureMotivation-HungerThehypothalamuscontrolseatingandotherbodymaintenancefunctionsMotivation-HungerEati
7、ngDisordersAnorexiaNervosawhenanormal-weightpersondietsandbecomessignificantly(>15%)underweight,yet,stillfeelingfat,continuestostarveusuallyanadolescentfemaleBulimiaNervosadisordercharacterizedbyepisodesofovereating,usuallyofhigh-caloriefoods,followedbyvomiting,laxativeuse,fasting,ore
8、xcess