英国文学84600

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1、PartThree:ThePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration(The17thCentury)Milton,Bunyan,MetaphysicalPoems,RestorationLiteratureHistoricalBackgroundThe17thcenturywasoneofthemosttempestuousperiodsinEnglishhistory.Thecontradictionsbetweenthefeudalsystemandthebourgeoisiehadreacheditpeakandresultedinarevoluti

2、onaryoutburst.Elizabeth:diedin1603JamesⅠ:government—adespotismbaseduponthetheoryofthedivinerightofkingsCharlesⅠ:succeededJamesⅠin1625,thereligioustyrannyofArchbishopLaudwasaddedtothepoliticaltyrannyofthekingOliverCromwell:in1629CharlesⅠwasbeheaded,EnglandbecameacommonwealthCharlesⅡ:afterCrom

3、well'sdeathin1660,monarchywasagainrestored—theperiodoftheRestorationJamesⅡ:attemptedtoestablishanotherdespotisminchurchandstatePrinceWilliamofOrange(husbandoftheking'sdaughterMary):wasinvitedtotheEnglishthronein1688"GloriousRevolution"LiteraryCharacteristicsMedievalstandardsofchivalry,theimp

4、ossiblelovesandromancesperished.Thepuritansbelievedinsimplicityoflife.Theydisapprovedofthesonnetsandlovepoetrywritteninthepreviousperiod.In1642thetheatreswereclosed.TheBiblebecamenowtheonebookofthepeople.Literaturewasverymuchconcernedwiththetremendoussocialupheavalsofthetime.JohnMilton(1608-

5、1774)HewasoneofthegreatestpoetsofEngland,defendedtheEnglishCommonwealthwithhispen.Hispamphletsplayedanactivepartinpushingontherevolutionarycause.EvenaftertheRestorationin1660,heandBunyancontinuedtodefendintheirworkstheidealsoftheRevolution,"thegoodoldcause",andexposethereactionaryforces.Life

6、Experiences1608:borninaprosperousfamily1621(12):St.Paul's(afamousboys'school)1624(15):CambridgeUniversity1632-1638:countryhouse,privatestudy1638(29):setoutforatourontheContinent1639:returnedtoLondon(newsofthebreakbetweenKingandParliament)opposedthemonarchicparty,dedicatedtopeople'sliberties.

7、principlepamphlets:Areopagitica(SpeechfortheLibertyofUnlicensedPrinting):attackonthecensorshipofthepressEikonoklastes:justifiedtheexecutionofCharlesⅠDefenseoftheEnglishPeople:adefenseoftheCommonwealthandRevolution1649:LatinSecretarytotheCouncilofFo