chapter 10 nonideal solutions (2

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1、Chapter10NonidealSolutionsPhysicalChemistrySimpleSolutionModelsforNonelectrolyteActivityCoefficientsNonidealSolutionsWdependsonTandPbutnotonthemolefractions.letzbethenumberofnearestneighborsofeachmoleculeinthearray.Theintermolecular-interactionenergyisapproximatedasthesumof

2、nearest-neighborinteractions.(10.31)IfBB,CC,andBCaretheinteractionenergiesforadjacentB-B,C-C,andB-Cpairs,respectively.TheenergyofmixingPhysicalChemistryNonidealSolutionswhereFortwoliquidsBandCwhosemoleculeshavesimilarsizesandshapes,ModelsforNonelectrolyteActivityCoeffici

3、entsPhysicalChemistryNonidealSolutionssimplesolutionmodel(10.32)(Problem10.4)ModelsforNonelectrolyteActivityCoefficientsRedlich-Kisterequation(Margulesequation)PhysicalChemistry(10.31)NonidealSolutionssimplesolutionmodel(10.32)ModelsforNonelectrolyteActivityCoefficientsRedl

4、ich-Kisterequation(Margulesequation)PhysicalChemistrySolutionsofElectrolytesNonidealSolutionsNon-electrolytesolutionsThesoluteisnotpresentasionsElectrolytesolutionsThesoluteisionizedandtheionsgenerallyinteractstronglywitheachother.(10.33)Numbersofionsinthechemicalformula(in

5、tegers)Chargesofionsinthechemicalformula2:1electrolyte1:2electrolyte2:2electrolytePhysicalChemistryChemicalPotentialsinElectrolyteSolutionsNonidealSolutionsSince+and-arenotmeasurable,definei(thechemicalpotentialsoftheelectrolyteasawhole)insolution(10.33)(10.35)(10.34)Phy

6、sicalChemistryChemicalPotentialsinElectrolyteSolutionsNonidealSolutions(10.35)Similardefinitionforotherpartialmolarpropertiesoftheelectrolyteasawhole.(10.36)(10.33)fromPhysicalChemistryChemicalPotentialsinElectrolyteSolutionsNonidealSolutions(10.37)(10.33)KeepT,P,andnAconst

7、antandusing(10.36)(10.35)(10.38)*(10.39)Onthemole-fractionscale,thechemicalpotentialofsolventPhysicalChemistryChemicalPotentialsinElectrolyteSolutionsNonidealSolutions(10.39)mole-fractionactivitycoefficientinfinitedilutionOnthemolalityscale,thechemicalpotentialsofelectrolyt

8、e(10.40)(10.41)(10.38)*(10.42)PhysicalChemistryChemicalPotentialsinElectrolyteSolu