中级微观经济学范里安课件ch

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1、中级微观经济学15ChapterFifteenMarketDemand市场需求StructureFromIndividualtoMarketDemandFunctionsElasticitiesRevenueandown-priceelasticityofdemandMarginalrevenueandpriceelasticityFromIndividualtoMarketDemandFunctionsThinkofaneconomycontainingnconsumers,denotedbyi=1,…,n.Consumer

2、i’sordinarydemandfunctionforcommodityjisFromIndividualtoMarketDemandFunctionsWhenallconsumersareprice-takers,themarketdemandfunctionforcommodityjisIfallconsumersareidenticalthenwhereM=nm.FromIndividualtoMarketDemandFunctionsThemarketdemandcurveisthe“horizontalsum

3、”oftheindividualconsumers’demandcurves.E.g.supposethereareonlytwoconsumers;i=A,B.FromIndividualtoMarketDemandFunctionsp1p12015p1’p1”p1’p1”FromIndividualtoMarketDemandFunctionsp1p1p12015p1’p1”p1’p1”p1’FromIndividualtoMarketDemandFunctionsp1p1p12015p1’p1”p1’p1”p1’p1”F

4、romIndividualtoMarketDemandFunctionsp1p1p1201535p1’p1”p1’p1”p1’p1”The“horizontalsum”ofthedemandcurvesofindividualsAandB.Elasticities（弹性）Elasticitymeasuresthe“sensitivity”ofonevariablewithrespecttoanother.TheelasticityofvariableXwithrespecttovariableYisEconomicAppl

5、icationsofElasticityEconomistsuseelasticitiestomeasurethesensitivityofquantitydemandedofcommodityiwithrespecttothepriceofcommodityi(own-priceelasticityofdemand，需求的自价格弹性)demandforcommodityiwithrespecttothepriceofcommodityj(cross-priceelasticityofdemand，需求的交叉价格弹性).Eco

6、nomicApplicationsofElasticitydemandforcommodityiwithrespecttoincome(incomeelasticityofdemand需求的收入弹性)quantitysuppliedofcommodityiwithrespecttothepriceofcommodityi(own-priceelasticityofsupply供给的自价格弹性)EconomicApplicationsofElasticityquantitysuppliedofcommodityiwithresp

7、ecttothewagerate(elasticityofsupplywithrespecttothepriceoflabor)andmany,manyothers.Own-PriceElasticityofDemandQ:Whynotuseademandcurve’sslopetomeasurethesensitivityofquantitydemandedtoachangeinacommodity’sownprice?Own-PriceElasticityofDemandX1*5501010slope=-2slope=

8、-0.2p1p1InwhichcaseisthequantitydemandedX1*moresensitivetochangestop1?X1*Own-PriceElasticityofDemand5501010slope=-2slope=-0.2p1p1X1*X1*