[James_J._Gibson]_The_Ecological_Approach_to_Visua(BookZZ.org)

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1、THEECOLOGICALAPPROACHTOVISUALPERCEPTIONThisbook,firstpublishedin1979,isabouthowwesee:theenvironmentaroundus(itssurfaces,theirlayout,andtheircolorsandtextures);whereweareintheenvironment;whetherornotwearemovingand,ifweare,wherewearegoing;whatthingsaregoodfor;howtodothings(tothreadaneedleordriveanaut

2、omobile);orwhythingslookastheydo.Thebasicassumptionisthatvisiondependsontheeyewhichisconnectedtothebrain.Theauthorsuggeststhatnaturalvisiondependsontheeyesintheheadonabodysupportedbytheground,thebrainbeingonlythecentralorganofacompletevisualsystem.Whennoconstraintsareputonthevisualsystem,peopleloo

3、karound,walkuptosomethinginterestingandmovearounditsoastoseeitfromallsides,andgofromonevistatoanother.Thatisnaturalvision—andwhatthisbookisabout.JamesJ.Gibson(1904–1979)isoneofthemostimportantpsychologistsofthe20thCentury,bestknownforhisworkonvisualperception.HereceivedhisPh.D.fromPrincetonUnivers

4、ityandhisfirstmajorworkwasThePerceptionoftheVisualWorld(1950)inwhichherejectedbehaviorismforaviewbasedonhisownexperimentalwork.Inhislaterworks,includingTheEcologicalApproachtoVisualPerception(1979),Gibsonbecamemorephilosophicalandcriticizedcognitivisminthesamewayhehadattackedbehaviorismbefore,argui

5、ngstronglyinfavorofdirectperceptionanddirectrealism,asopposedtocognitivistindirectrealism.Hetermedhisnewapproach“ecologicalpsychology”.Gibson’slegacyisincreasinglyinfluentialonmanycontemporarymovementsinpsychology,particularlythoseconsideredtobepost-cognitivist.PsychologyPressClassicEditionsThePsyc

6、hologyPressClassicEditionsseriescelebratesacommitmenttoexcellenceinscholarship,teaching,andlearningwithinthefieldofPsychology.Thebooksinthisseriesarewidelyrecognizedastimelessclassics,ofcontinuingimportanceforbothstudentsandresearchers.Eachtitlecontainsacompletelynewintroductionwhichexploreswhathas

7、changedsincethebookswerefirstpublished,wherethefieldmightgofromhereandwhythesebooksareasrelevantnowasever.Writtenbyrecognizedexperts,andcoveringcoreareasofthesubject,thePsychologyPressClassicEditionsseriespresentsf