上财中级微观经济学课件ch14consumersurplus

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1、ChapterFourteenConsumer’sSurplus2021/8/51IntermediateMicro:ConsumerSurplusMonetaryMeasuresofGains-to-TradeYoucanbuyasmuchgasolineasyouwishat$1pergallononceyouenterthegasolinemarket.Q:Whatisthemostyouwouldpaytoenterthemarket?2021/8/52IntermediateMicro:ConsumerSurplusA:Youwouldpayuptothedollarvalueo

2、fthegains-to-tradeyouwouldenjoyonceinthemarket.Howcansuchgains-to-tradebemeasured?MonetaryMeasuresofGains-to-Trade2021/8/53IntermediateMicro:ConsumerSurplusThreesuchmeasuresare:Consumer’sSurplusEquivalentVariation,andCompensatingVariation.Onlyinonespecialcircumstancedothesethreemeasurescoincide.Mo

3、netaryMeasuresofGains-to-Trade2021/8/54IntermediateMicro:ConsumerSurplusSupposegasolinecanbeboughtonlyinlumpsofonegallon.User1todenotethemostasingleconsumerwouldpayfora1stgallon--callthisherreservationpriceforthe1stgallon.r1isthedollarequivalentofthemarginalutilityofthe1stgallon.$EquivalentUtility

4、Gains2021/8/55IntermediateMicro:ConsumerSurplusNowthatshehasonegallon,user2todenotethemostshewouldpayfora2ndgallon--thisisherreservationpriceforthe2ndgallon.r2isthedollarequivalentofthemarginalutilityofthe2ndgallon.$EquivalentUtilityGains2021/8/56IntermediateMicro:ConsumerSurplusGenerally,ifshealr

5、eadyhasn-1gallonsofgasolinethenrndenotesthemostshewillpayforannthgallon.rnisthedollarequivalentofthemarginalutilityofthenthgallon.$EquivalentUtilityGains2021/8/57IntermediateMicro:ConsumerSurplusr1+…+rnwillthereforebethedollarequivalentofthetotalchangetoutilityfromacquiringngallonsofgasolineatapri

6、ceof$0.Sor1+…+rn-pGnwillbethedollarequivalentofthetotalchangetoutilityfromacquiringngallonsofgasolineatapriceof$pGeach.$EquivalentUtilityGains2021/8/58IntermediateMicro:ConsumerSurplusAplotofr1,r2,…,rn,…againstnisareservation-pricecurve.Thisisnotquitethesameastheconsumer’sdemandcurveforgasoline.$E

7、quivalentUtilityGains2021/8/59IntermediateMicro:ConsumerSurplus$EquivalentUtilityGains123456r1r2r3r4r5r62021/8/510IntermediateMicro:ConsumerSurplusWhatisthemonetaryvalueofourconsumer’sgain-to-tradinginthegasoline