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1、MajorHazardCommissionattheFederalMinistryofEnvironment:HumanFactorsConferenceth4-6March2002atEv.Akadamie,Loccum,Germany.PublishedintheProceedings.ISBN3-8172-4302-2SurfacingYourSafetyCultureProf.Dr.DominicCooperC.PsycholFIOSHFRSHDeptofAppliedHealthScienceInd
2、ianaUniversity,Bloomington,USA(NowwithBSMSInc,Franklin,IN46131)AbstractInrecentyears,theresultsofpublicinquiriesintolargescaledisastershashighlightedtheimportantroleofthecorporateatmosphereor‘culture’wherebysafetyisunderstoodtobe,andisacceptedas,thenumberon
3、epriority(Cullen,1990).Thishasledtomanycompaniesandindustriesgivinghighprioritytoimprovingtheirsafety‘culture’withoutreallyknowingwhatitis,orwhetherornottheyhaveachievedanimprovement.Historically,thissituationwascausedbythelackofauniversallyaccepteddefiniti
4、onofsafetycultureormeasurementmethodology.Cooper(2000)offersapracticaltriadicmodeltoovercomebothoftheseissuestofacilitatethemeasurementandquantificationofsafetyculture.Cooper’smodelassertsthatsafetyculturecanbemeasuredbyexaminingtheinteractionsbetweensafety
5、managementsystems,people’sperceptionsaboutsafetyandpeople’sactualsafetyrelatedbehaviour,byusingSafetyManagementSystemAudits,SafetyClimateSurveysandBehaviouralSafetySystems.Themodelpredictsthatanimprovementinterventionaimedatanyoneofthesethreecomponentswille
6、xertareciprocaleffectontheothertwo(e.g.Thequalityofthecompany’ssafetymanagementsystemwillexertaneffectonpeople’ssafetybehaviourandtheirattitudesandbeliefsaboutsafety).Forexample,Townsend(2001)recentlycompletedastudyinheavyconstructionbasedon700millionman-ho
7、urs.Heshowedthat,withinthecontextofastructuredsafetymanagementsystem(Organisation),thetop25%ofsafetyperformershabitually(behaviour)intervenedtocorrectunsafeacts/conditionsandpraisesafeworking,andconsideredsafetymanagementamoralduty(attitudeandbeliefs)tobeta
8、kenseriously.Inanotherstudybasedon110millionman-hoursofpetrochemicalconstruction,itwasidentifiedthatimprovingsafetyperformanceby50%wasassociatedwithproductivityimprovementsaveraging12%(Stewart&Townsend
