Simulacra And Simulation - Baudrillard

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1、-------------------------Simulacraandsimulation>-------------------------ByJeanBaudrillardOriginallypublishedinFrenchbyEditionsGalilee1981ThePrecessionofSimulacraHistory:ARetroScenarioHolocaustTheChinaSyndromeApocalypseNowTheBeaubourgEffect:ImplosionandDeterr

2、enceHypermarkedandHypercommodityTheImplosionofMeaningintheMediaAbsoluteAdvertising,Ground-ZeroAdvertisingCloneStoryHologramsCrashSimulacraandScienceFictionTheAnimals:TerritoryandMetamorphosesTheRemainderTheSpiralingCadaverValue'sLastTangoOnNihilism1

3、LACRA>Thesimulacrumisneverwhathidesthetruth-itistruththathidesthefactthatthereisnone.Thesimulacrumistrue.-EcclesiastesIfoncewewereabletoviewtheBorgesfableinwhichthecartographersoftheEmpiredrawupamapsodetailedthatitendsupcoveringtheterritoryexactly(thedeclineoftheEmpire

4、witnessesthefrayingofthismap,littlebylittle,anditsfallintoruins,thoughsomeshredsarestilldiscernibleinthedeserts-themetaphysicalbeautyofthisruinedabstractiontestifyingtoaprideequaltotheEmpireandrottinglikeacarcass,returningtothesubstanceofthesoil,abitasthedoubleendsbybe

5、ingconfusedwiththerealthroughaging)-asthemostbeautifulallegoryofsimulation,thisfablehasnowcomefullcircleforus,andpossessesnothingbutthediscretecharmofsecond-ordersimulacra.*1Todayabstractionisnolongerthatofthemap,thedouble,themirror,ortheconcept.Simulationisnolongertha

6、tofaterritory,areferentialbeing,orasubstance.Itisthegenerationbymodelsofarealwithoutoriginorreality:ahyperreal.Theterritorynolongerprecedesthemap,nordoesitsurviveit.Itisneverthelessthemapthatprecedestheterritory-precessionofsimulacra-thatengenderstheterritory,andifonem

7、ustreturntothefable,todayitistheterritorywhoseshredsslowlyrotacrosstheextentofthemap.Itisthereal,andnotthemap,whosevestigespersisthereandthereinthedesertsthatarenolongerthoseoftheEmpire,butours.Thedesertoftherealitself.Infact,eveninverted,Borges'sfableisunusable.Onlyth

8、eallegoryoftheEmpire,perhaps,remains.Becauseitiswiththissameimperialismthatpresent-daysimulatorsattempttomakethereal,