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1、RolandBardiesWritingDegreeZeroThmlatedbyAnnetteLaversandColinSmith'PrefacebySusanSontagWritingDegreeZeroistranslatedfromtheFrenchLeDegreZerodeL'Ecriture©1953byEditionsduSeuilTranslation©1967byJonathanCapeLtd.Prefacecopyright©1968bySusanSontagLibraryofCongresscatalogcardnumber:75-105325
2、StandardBookNumber:8070-1545-8FirstpublishedasaBeaconPaperbackin1970byarrangementwithHillandWang,Inc.BeaconPressbooksarepublishedundertheauspicesoftheUnitarianUniversalistAssociationAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaWritingDegreeZeroContentsPrefacebySusanSontagVllIntrod
3、uctionPARTIWhatisWriting?9PoliticalModesofWriting19WritingandtheNovel29IsthereanyPoeticWriting?41PARTIITheTriumphandBreak-upofBourgeoisWriting55StyleasCraftsmanship62WritingandRevolution67WritingandSilence74'VritingandSpeech77TheUtopiaofLanguage84SelectedBibliography89NoteontheAuthor90
4、PREFACETodescribeBarthesasaliteraryCrItlcdoeshimanobviousinjustice.Amanofprodigiouslearning,unflaggingmentalenergy,andacutelyoriginalsensibility,hehasestablishedhiscredentialsasaesthetician,literaryandtheatrecritic,sociologist,metapsychologist,socialcritic,historianofideas,andculturalj
5、ournalist.Onlyiftheidealofcriticismisenlargedtotakeinawidevarietyofdiscourse,boththeoreticalanddescriptive,aboutculture,language,andcontemporaryconsciousness,canBarthesplausiblybecalledacritic.KarlKraus,T.W.Adorno,andKennethBurkecometomindasotherdistinguishedexamplesofthisrarebreedofin
6、tellectualvirtuoso,whileMcLuhansuggeststherisksofradicalunevennessofqualityandjudgmentincurredwiththismagnitudeofintellectualappetiteandambition.Evaluationatthisvirtuallyunclassifiablelevelofachievementmayseemsomewhatfrivolous.Still,IwouldarguethatBarthesisthemostconsistentlyintelligen
7、t,important,andusefulcritic-stretchingthatterm-tohaveemergedanywhereinthelastfifteenyears.WritingDegreeZero,longoverdueinEnglishtranslation,isBarthes'firstbook;itappearedin1953.Seenfromtheperspectiveof1968,however,WritingDegreeZeroprobablyisn'ttheeasiesttextwithwhichtostartanacquaint