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1、3) Lists and arrays Ma. Webster IMBIM, BMC ma.hew.webster@imbim.uu.se lists and arrays •A list is an ordered set of scalar values: (1,2,3,"Matt")!!•An array is a variable that holds a list: @arr=(1,2,3,"Matt");!index 0 1 2 3 print@arr;!value 1 2 3 Ma
2、. 123Matt!!•You can access an individual array element: print$arr[1];!2!!$arr[0]="*";!print@arr;!perl starts counHng at 0 *23Matt!lists and arrays You can easily get a sub‐array: @arr=(1,2,3,"fred","bob");print@arr;!!!123fredbob!print$arr[1];!!2!my@s
3、ub_arr=@arr[1..3]print@sub_arr;!!23fred!!You can extend an array as much as you like: @arr2=(1,2,3)!$arr2[5]=6;!!!@arr2!!#is now(1,2,3,undef,undef,6)!!special array indices $students[0]="Doreen";!$students[1]="Oskar";!$students[2]="Elin";!$students[3
4、]="Sangeet";!$students[4]="Malin";!!$end=$#students;# 4, the final index print$students[$end];#same as$students[-1]!Malin!another way: @students=("Doreen","Oskar","Elin","Sangeet","Malin");!!and another way: @students=qw/DoreenOskarElinSangeetMalin/;!
5、!qwmeans quote with whitespace list literals •all these are the same: (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)!(1..10)!(1,2,3..9,10)!qw/12345678910/!!($i..$j)!#numbers between$iand$j!(0..$#students)#indices of@students!!qw can be used with a lot of characters: @studen
6、ts=qw/DoreenOskarElinSangeetMalin/;!@students=qw!DoreenOskarElinSangeetMalin!;!!@students=qw{DoreenOskarElinSangeetMalin};!@students=qw;!push and pop!@students=qw/DoreenOskarElinSangeetMalin/;!push!pop!$students[5]"Aaron"
7、!"Malin"!$students[4]$students[4]"Malin"!$students[3]"Sangeet"!$students[2]"Elin"!$students[1]"Oskar"!$students[0]"Doreen"!$final_student=pop(@students)!#"Malin"is removed from@studentsand placed in$final_student!!push(@students,"Aaron");!#"Aaron"is
8、added to the end of@students!!pop@students!#"Aaron"is removed from@studentsand discarded !!push and pop!@students=qw/DoreenOskarElinSangeetMalin/;!$students[4]"Malin"!$students[3]"Sangeet"!$students[2]"Elin"!$students[1]"Oskar"!$students[0]"Doreen"!@
