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1、4August1972,Volume177,Number4047SCIENCElessrelevancetheyseemtohavetotheveryrealproblemsoftherestofsci-ence,muchlesstothoseofsociety.TheconstructionisthypothesisbreaksdownwhenconfrontedwiththetwinMoreIsDifferentdifficultiesofscaleandcomplexity.Thebehavio
2、roflargeandcomplexaggre-gatesofelementaryparticles,itturnsBrokensymmetryandthenatureofout,isnottobeunderstoodintermsofasimpleextrapolationoftheprop-thehierarchicalstructureofscience.ertiesofafewparticles.Instead,ateachlevelofcomplexityentirelynewP.W.And
3、ersonpropertiesappear,andtheunderstand-ingofthenewbehaviorsrequiresre-searchwhichIthinkisasfundamentalinitsnatureasanyother.Thatis,itseemstomethatonemayarraytheThereductionisthypothesismaystillplanationofphenomenaintermsofsciencesroughlylinearlyinahiera
4、rchy,beatopicforcontroversyamongphi-knownfundamentallaws.Asalways,dis-accordingtotheidea:Theelementarylosophers,butamongthegreatmajoritytinctionsofthiskindarenotunambiguous,entitiesofscienceXobeythelawsofbuttheyareclearinmostcases.Solidofactivescientist
5、sIthinkitisacceptedscienceY.statephysics,plasmaphysics,andperhapswithoutquestion.Theworkingsofouralsobiologyareextensive.Highenergyxymindsandbodies,andofalltheani-physicsandagoodpartofnuclearphysicsmateorinanimatematterofwhichweareintensive.Thereisalway
6、smuchlesssolidstateorelementaryparticlehaveanydetailedknowledge,areas-intensiveresearchgoingonthanextensive.many-bodyphysicsphysicsOncenewfundamentallawsarediscov-chemistrymany-bodyphysicssumedtobecontrolledbythesamesetered,alargeandeverincreasingactivi
7、tymolecularbiologychemistryoffundamentallaws,whichexceptbeginsinordertoapplythediscoveriestocellbiologymolecularbiologyundercertainextremeconditionswehithertounexplainedphenomena.Thus,feelweknowprettywell.therearetwodimensionstobasicre-Itseemsinevitable
8、togoonuncrit-search.Thefrontierofscienceextendsallsiologyalongalonglinefromthenewestandmostpsychologyicallytowhatappearsatfirstsighttomodernintensiveresearch,overtheex-socialsciencespsychhysiologypsychologybeanobviouscorollaryofr
