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1、PROCEEDINGSOFTHEENTRALASIANSOCIETYHINESETURKESTANMAJORC.D.BRUCELONDONURALASIANSOCIETY,ALBEMARLESTREET,W1907pvoceebtnosoftbeCentralHstanSocietyCHINESETURKESTANBYMAJORC.D.BRUCEREADAPRIL24,1907.SRLFURLCHINESETURKESTANGeneralSirThomasHoldichwasinthechair,andinop
2、eningtheproceedingssaid:Intheabsenceofyourchairman,GeneralSirEdwinCollen,whohaswrittentosayhowextremelysorryheisnottobeabletobepresent,IhavethepleasantdutyofintroducingMajorBrucetoyou.NotverylongsinceMajorBrucedescribedhismostinterestingjourneyacrossChinaandT
3、urkestantothemembersoftheRoyalGeographicalSociety,andsomeofusmaybefamiliarwithhisstoryfromthegeographicalpointofview.Butthatstoryisstillsofullandinterestingfromsomanyotherpointsofview,thatwecannotfailtoderivefurtherprofitfromwhatMajorBrucehastotellusto-day.On
4、eofthechiefcharacteristicsofthosewholiveinthisstrenuouscenturyisadistinctimpatiencewiththeoldernationsoftheworldinthattheyarenotmoremodern.Whetherwearewatchingtheadoptionofanyup-to-dateconstitution,asinPersia,byanationwhosepoliticalorganizationhashardlychange
5、dinthecourseofsome2,000years,orthefinaldisruptionofacorruptandworthlessbureaucracy,asinRussia,theuppermostthoughtinthemindofmostonlookersisthatthechangedoesnotcomeasrapidlyastheywoulddesire.Inthepresentdaynotmanyoftheseancientandinterestingcountrieshavebeenle
6、fttobestudied,butamongthem,itselfadependencyofthehoariestamongnations,isChineseTurkestan.ItisofitspresentandpastconditionthatIproposetospeakthisafternoon,inhopethatthelongandcloseconnexionChineseTurkestanonceboretoIndiamaycausesomeinteresttobeextended:(*)toac
7、ountryinwhichangularlylittlehasuptothelastI'i'wyearsbeentaken.InvariablyknowntotheChineseastheHsingChiang,oraewfrontier,thenamegiventothisareaonEuropeanmapsisaBomewhalvagueone.Forpresentpurposesthegenera]boundariesofChineseTurkestanmaybedefinedtlm^t>nthesouth
8、itisborderedbyanalmostimpassablewallformedbytheKuenLunmountains;onthenorthbytheTianShanmountainsandtheireasternoffshoots;ontheweslbytheAlaimountains,theKizilArt,andtheiPamirs.Ontheeastnon
