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1、LunghealthinEuropeFACTS&FIGURESAbetterunderstandingoflungdiseaseandrespiratorycareinEuropeAllthedatacontainedinLunghealthinEurope–factsandfiguresaretakenfromTheEuropeanLungWhiteBook,whichisavailableonlineatwww.erswhitebook.org.EditorsG.JohnGibsonUniversityofNewcastle,NewcastleuponTyne,U
2、KRobertLoddenkemperBerlin,GermanyYvesSibilleUCLMont-Godinne,Yvoir,BelgiumBoLundbäckKreftingResearchCentre–InstituteofMedicine,UniversityofGothenburg,Gothenburg,SwedenMonicaFletcher–ELFChairEducationforHealth,Warwick,UKCopyrightPublishedbytheEuropeanLungFoundation©2013EuropeanLungFounda
3、tionThisbookisdistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionNon-CommercialLicence3.0(creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/).Itmaybesharedorremixedfornon-commercialpurposesprovidedthesourceiscorrectlyattributed.Forallotherusesandgeneralenquiries,contactEuropeanLungFoundation,
4、442GlossopRoad,Sheffield,S102PX,UK;tel+441142672876;e-mailinfo@europeanlung.org.ukPrintedintheUKbyCharlesworthPress.PrintISBN978-1-84984-058-34ContentsForeword6ELF8ERS10OverviewBurden14Economicburden16Policy18RiskfactorsTobaccosmoking22Passivesmoking24Outdoorairpollution26Indoorairpollu
5、tion28Occupationalriskfactors30Early-liferiskfactors32Dietandnutrition34Geneticsusceptibility36LungdiseasesAdultasthma40Childhoodasthma42COPD44Lungcancer46Occupationallungconditions48Lungdiseasesinchidren50Tuberculosis52Cysticfibrosis54Sleepdisorderedbreathing56Acutelowerrespiratoryinfe
6、ctions58Acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome60Bronchiectasis62Interstitiallungdiseases64Pulmonaryvasculardisease66Rareandorphanlungdiseases68Contributorsandacknowledgements706ForewordTheEuropeanRespiratorySociety(ERS)andEuropeanLungFoundation(ELF)“LungHealthinEuropeFactsandFigures”provides
7、anaccessibleandreliablesummaryofthestateoflunghealthinEurope.Atafirstglance,theproblemsappearinsurmountable.Respiratorydiseasecausesabout1milliondeathsannuallyintheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)EuropeanRegion,ofwhichtwo-thirdsoccurinthe28countriesoftheEuropeanUnion(EU).Lungcanceristhele