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1、LISP1.5Programmer'sManualTheComputationCenterandResearchLaboratoryofEleotronicsMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyJohnMcCarthyPaulW.AbrahamsDanielJ.EdwardsTimothyP.HartTheM.I.T.PressMassrchusettsInstituteofToohnologyCambridge,MassrchusettsTheResearchLaboratoryafElectronicsisaninterdepartme
2、ntallaboratoryinwhichfacultymembersandgraduatestudentsfromnumerousacademicdepartmentsconductresearch.TheresearchreportedinthisdocumentwasmadepossibleinpartbysupportextendedtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Re-searchLaboratoryofElectronics,jointlybytheU.S.Army,theU.S.Navy(OfficeofNaval
3、Research),andtheU.S.AirForce(OfficeofScientificResearch)underContractDA36-039-sc-78108,DepartmentoftheArmyTask3-99-25-001-08;andinpartbyCon-tractDA-SIG-36-039-61-G14;additionalsupportwasreceivedfromtheNationalScienceFoundation(GrantG-16526)andtheNationalInstitutesofHealth(GrantMH-04737-02
4、).ReproductioninwholeorinpartispermittedforanypurposeoftheUnitedStatesGovernment.SECONDEDITIONElfteenthprinting,1985ISBN0262130114(paperback)PREFACETheover-alldesignoftheLISPProgrammingSystemistheworkofJohnMcCarthyandisbasedonhispaperNRecursiveFunctionsofSymbolicExpressionsandTheirCom-put
5、ationbyMachinettwhichwaspublishedinCommunicationsoftheACM,April1960.ThismanualwaswrittenbyMichaelI.Levin.TheinterpreterwasprogrammedbyStephenB.RussellandDanielJ.Edwards.TheprintandreadprogramswerewrittenbyJohnMcCarthy,KlimMaling,DanielJ.Edwards,andPaulW,Abrahams.Thegarbagecollectorandarit
6、hmeticfeaturesWerewrittenbyDanielJ.Edwards.ThecompilerandassemblerwerewrittenbyTimothyP.HartandMichaelI.Levin.AnearliercompilerwaswrittenbyRobertBrayton.The"LISP1Programmer'sManualsttMarch1,1960,waswrittenbyPhyllisA.Fox.Additionalprogramsandsuggestionswerecontributedbythefollowingmem-bers
7、oftheArtificialIntelligenceGroupoftheResearchLaboratoryofElectronics:MarvinL.Minsky,BertramRaphael,LouisHodes,DavidM.R.Park,DavidC.Luckham,DanielG.Bobrow,JamesR.Slagle,andNathanielRochester.August17,1962TABLEOFCONTENTSI.THELISPLANGUAGE1.1SymbolicExpressions1.2Elemen
