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1、AMERICANJOURNALOFPHYSICALANTHROPOLOGY124:199–222(2004)Horse-MountedInvadersFromtheRusso-KazakhSteppeorAgriculturalColonistsFromWesternCentralAsia?ACraniometricInvestigationoftheBronzeAgeSettlementofXinjiang1*andJ.P.Mallory2BrianE.Hemphill1DepartmentofSociologyandAnthropology,Califor
2、niaStateUniversityatBakersfield,Bakersfield,California93311-10992SchoolofArchaeologyandPalaeoecology,Queen’sUniversity,Belfast,NorthernIrelandBT71NN,UKKEYWORDScraniometry;pheneticdistance;TarimBasin;Bactria;China2ABSTRACTNumerousBronzeAgecemeteriesinthealizeddistance(d),andpatternsofp
3、heneticaffinityareoasessurroundingtheTa¨klamakanDesertoftheTarimassessedwithtwotypesofclusteranalysis(theweightedBasinintheXinjiangUyghurAutonomousRegion,west-pairaveragelinkagemethodandtheneighbor-joiningernChina,haveyieldedbothmummifiedandskeletalmethod),multidimensionalscaling,andp
4、rincipalcoordi-humanremains.Adearthoflocalantecedents,couplednatesanalysis.ResultsobtainedbythisanalysisprovidewithwoolentextilesandtheapparentWesternphysicallittlesupportforeitherthesteppehypothesisortheBac-appearanceofthepopulation,raisedquestionsastowheretrianoasishypothesis.Rath
5、er,thepatternofpheneticthesepeoplecamefrom.TwohypotheseshavebeenofferedaffinitiesmanifestedbyBronzeAgeinhabitantsofthebyarchaeologiststoaccountfortheoriginsofBronzeAgeTarimBasinsuggeststhepresenceofapopulationofpopulationsoftheTarimBasin.Thesearethe“steppeunknownoriginwithintheTarimB
6、asinduringtheearlyhypothesis”andthe“Bactrianoasishypothesis.”EightBronzeAge.After1200B.C.,thispopulationexperiencedcraniometricvariablesfrom25AeneolithicandBronzesignificantgeneflowfromhighlandpopulationsoftheAgesamples,comprising1,353adultsfromtheTarimPamirsandFerghanaValley.Thesehig
7、hlandpopulationsBasin,theRusso-Kazakhsteppe,southernChina,CentralmayincludethosewholaterbecameknownastheSakaAsia,Iran,andtheIndusValley,arecomparedtotestandwhomayhaveservedas“middlemen”facilitatingwhich,ifeither,ofthesehypothesesaresupportedbythecontactsbetweenEast(TarimBasin,China)
8、andWestpatternofphe
