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1、EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch13622002)1±18www.elsevier.com/locate/dswInvitedReviewAreviewofthecontributionofOperationalResearchtoProjectManagementL.V.Tavares*CESUR,InstitutoSuperiorTecnico,TechnicalUniversityofLisbon,Av.RoviscoPais,1049-001Lisbon,PortugalReceived1July1999;accepted13De
2、cember2000AbstractProjectManagementisaprofessionaldomainreceivinggrowingattentionduringthelastdecadesandnowitisconsideredakeyconceptbyManagementSciencestounderstandandtodeveloporganizations.OperationalResearchhasgivenessentialscienti®ccontributionstothesuccessofProjectManagementnotjustthroug
3、hmultiplemodelstounderstandandtorepresentprojectsbutalsobythedevelopmentofalgorithmsandaidstosupportthedecisionalroleofprojectmanager.Inthispaper,themajorcontributionsofORarepresentedanddiscussed.Ó2002ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:ProjectManagement;Scheduling1.TheconceptofPro
4、jectManagementmodernworldofprivateorpublicorganizations2see,e.g.,Drucker,1974).Inmodernmanagement,organizationsareThenotionofprojectcanbede®ned2TavaresconsideredopenandcomplexsystemsinteractingandWeglarz,1990)asanypurposefultransfor-withtheenvironmentandpursuingobjectivesac-mationleadingasys
5、tem,X,fromaninitialstate,s,cordingtotheirspeci®cmissionandnature2see,toaspeci®cstate,s0andsos0shouldrepresentthee.g.Acko,1970;Simon,1977).Theachievementtargetstobeachieved.Thismeansthattheconceptofsuchobjectivesimpliesstructuringtheactivitiesofprojectimplies:oftheorganizationthroughprojectsw
6、ithspeci®c2A)Theidenti®cationofthesystem,X,tobetargetsthatshouldbeconsistentwiththeadoptedtransformed.organizationalobjectives.Thisexplainswhypro-2B)Thedescriptionoftheinitialstate,s.jectmanagementhasbecomesuchakeysubjectin2C)Thedescriptionofthenewstate,s0,thatshouldrepresentthetargetsofthep
7、roject.ProjectManagementistheprocessofconceiving,*Tel.:+351-21-841-8310;fax:+351-21-840-9884.preparing,organizing,drivingandcontrollingsuchtransformationsinorderthats0willbeachievedE-mailaddress:lavt@civil.ist.utl.pt2L.V.Tavares).0377-2217/02/$-see
