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1、10,tobeginwith,thelegalsystemhasstructure.thestructureofalegalsystemconsistsofthiskind:thenumberandsizeofcourts;theirjurisdiction;andmodesofappealfromonecourttoanother.structurealsomeanshowthelegislatureisorganized,whatapresidentcan(legally)doornotdo,whatproceduresthepolicedepartmentfoll
2、ows,andsoon.anotheraspectofthelegalsystemisitssubstance.bythisitmeanttheactualrules,norms,andbehaviorpatternsofpeopleinsidethesystem.首先，法律制度有结构。一个法律制度的结构由这类的数量和大小的法院；管辖；和诉求方式从一个法院another.structure也意味着如何立法组织，什么总统（法律）做或不做，什么程序，警察部门如下，等等。法律制度的另一个方面是它的实质。这意味着系统中的人的实际规则、规范和行为模式。11,thelawofcon
3、tractisconcernedwiththeenforcementofpromissoryobligations.contractuailiabilityisusuallybasedonconsentfreelygivenintheformofanexpresspromiseoroneimpliedinfactformtheactsoftheparties.insomecircumstances,however,thecourtswillimplyapromise(oftencalledimpliedinlaworquasicontract)inordertoavoi
4、dunjustenrichmentinspiteoflackofconsentbythepartywhoisboundby.合同法与履行义务有关。contractuai责任通常是基于同意的情况下随意的形式给出一个表示承诺或一个事实默示形式当事人的行为。然而，在某些情况下，法院将意味着一个承诺（通常被称为隐含在法律或准合同），以避免不公正的丰富，尽管缺乏同意由党谁被约束。12,paragraph1ofarticle153ofthecriminallawisamendedas:"whoeversmugglesgoodsorarticlesnotspecifiedinarti
5、cle151,article152andarticle347hereinshall,dependingontheseverityofthecircumstances,bepunishedinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisionsrespectively:1、ifhesmugglesgoodsandarticlestoevadeordodgethepayabledutiestoalargeramountorcommitssmugglingagainafterbeinggivenadministrativepenaltiestwiceaga
6、instsmugglingwithinoneyear,heshallbesentencedtofixed-termimprisonmentofnotmorethanthreeyearsorcriminaldetention,andbeconcurrentlysubjecttoafineofnotlessthanonetimebutnotmorethanfivetimestheamountofpayabledutiesevadedordodged.2、iftheamountofpayabledutiesevadedordodgedforsmugglinggoodsanda
7、rticlesishugeorthereareotherseriouscircumstances,heshallbesentencedtofixed-termimprisonmentofnotlessthanthreeyearsbutnotmorethantenyears,andshallbeconcurrentlysubjecttoafineofnotlessthanonetimebutnotmorethanfivetimestheamountofpayabledutiesevadedordodged.3、iftheamountofpa
