[emuch.net][581606]The_sol-gel_route

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1、Reviewpubs.acs.org/CRTheSol−GelRoutetoAdvancedSilica-BasedMaterialsandRecentApplications†‡§§,‡RosariaCiriminna,AlexandraFidalgo,ValericaPandarus,FrancoisBȩland,́LauraM.Ilharco,*,†andMarioPagliaro*†IstitutoperloStudiodeiMaterialiNanostrutturati,CNR,viaU.LaMalfa153

2、,90146Palermo,Italy‡CentrodeQuímica-FísicaMolecularandIN-InstituteofNanoscienceandNanotechnology,InstitutoSuperiorTecnico,ComplexoI,́Av.RoviscoPais1,1049-001Lisboa,Portugal§SiliCycleInc.,2500,Parc-TechnologiqueBoulevard,QuebecCity,QuebecG1P4S6,Canada1.INTRODUCTION

3、1.1.HistoricPerspectiveSilicaanddopedsilicamaterialsobtainedviathesolution−gelation(“sol−gel”)inorganicpolymerizationprocessarefunctionalmaterialswithanimpressiverangeofapplications,includingthetwopillarsofthechemistrypractice,synthesisandanalysis,butalsocontrolle

4、drelease,protectivecoatings,adsorption,chromatography,separation,biotechnology,energyconservation,culturalheritagerestoration,environmentalremediation,andmanyotherfieldsofcontemporarytechnol-1ogy.Moreover,sol−gelglassesarehighlytransparentandhave2avarietyofopticala

5、pplications.Theterm“sol−gel”wascoinedbyGrahamin1864during3CONTENTShisworkonsilicasols.In1640,vanHelmonthaddiscovered“waterglass”bydissolvingsilicatematerialsinalkaliandthen1.IntroductionAprecipitatingsilicageluponacidification.4In1846,Ebelmen1.1.HistoricPerspective

6、Aobservedtheformationofatransparentglassfollowing1.2.AchievementsinSol−GelTechnologyCexposuretotheatmosphereofasilaneobtainedfromSiCl42.Sol−GelChemistryandMethodsforFunctionalandethanol.5In1866,NobeldiscoveredthatexplosiveMaterialsDnitroglycerineadsorbedonkieselgu

7、hr,adiatomitesilica3.EmergingApplicationsofSilica-BasedMaterialsHminedinGermany,waschemicallystabilized,allowingmuch3.1.MaterialsforControlledReleaseHsafertransportandhandlingthannitroglycerininitsrawform.3.1.1.ControlledReleaseofFragrancesandHepatentedthismixture

8、as“dynamite”,andthis,stilltoday,isAromasHthemostimportantcommercialproductofanentrapped3.1.2.ControlledReleaseofAPIsIorganicsubstance(oil)withinsilica.6