search for neutinos from the sun

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1、VOLUME20,NUMBER21PHYSICALREVIEWLETTERS20MAY1968SEARCHFORNEUTRINOSFROMTHESUN*RaymondDavis,Jr.,Don8.Harmer,tandKennethC.HoffmanBrookhavenNationalLaboratory,Upton,NewYork11973(Received16April1968)AsearchwasmadeforsolarneutrinoswithadetectorbaseduponthereactionCls~(v,)Ar3

2、~.Theupperlimitoftheproductoftheneutrinofluxandthecrosssectionsforallsourcesofneutrinoswas3x103secperC13atom.Itwasconcludedspecifical-lythatthefluxofneutrinosfrom8decayinthesunwasequaltoorlessthan2x106cm2sec~attheearth,andthatlessthan9'ofthesun'senergyisproducedbythec

3、arbon-nitrogencycle.Recentsolar-modelcalculationshaveindicatedThedetectordesign.—Adetectionsystemthatthatthesunisemittingameasurablefluxofneu-contains390000liters(520tonschlorine)ofliq-trinosfromdecayofBeintheinterior.Theuidtetrachloroethylene,C2C1~,inahorizontalpossi

4、bilityofobservingtheseenergeticneutri-cylindricaltank"wasbuiltalongthelinespro-noshasstimulatedtheconstruction'offoursepa-posedearlier.Thesystemislocated4850ftrateneutrinodetectors.Thispaperwillpre-underground[4400m(w.e.)]intheHomestakesenttheresultsofinitialmeasureme

5、ntswithagoldmineatLead,SouthDakota.ItisessentialdetectionsystembasedupontheneutrinocapturetoplacethedetectorundergroundtoreducethereactionCls7(v,e)Ar".ItwaspointedoutbyproductionofAr"from(P,n)reactionsbypro-Bahcall"thattheenergeticneutrinosfrom8'tonsformedincosmic-ray

6、muoninteractions.wouldfeedtheanalogstateofAr"(asuperal-TherateofAr"productionintheliquidbycos-lowedtransition)thatlies5.15MeVabovethemic-raymuonsatthislocation"isestimatedtogroundstate.Theimportanceofthecontributionbe0.1Ar"atomperday.Backgroundeffectsofthe8'neutrinofl

7、uxisreadilyseenfromthefrominternalncontaminationsandfastneutronsneutrino-capturecrosssectionsandthesolarfromthesurroundingrockwallarelow.Theto-neutrinofluxesgiveninTableI.ThetabulatedtalAr"productionfromallbackgroundprocess-fluxesweretaken'fromthecalculationsofBah-esi

8、slessthan0.2Ar"atomperday,whichiscallandShaviv,whostudiedtheeffectoferrorsmellbelowtherateexpectedfromsolarneutri-intheparam