资源描述：
《【9A文】译文Why-We-Sleep-A-Biological-Perspective》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、【MeiWei_81重点借鉴文档】Reading3WhRWeSleep:ABiologicalPerspective从生物学角度考察人类为什么要睡眠BRJeromeM.SiegelSection11Birdsdoit,beesdoit,andevenfruitfliesappeartodoit.HumanscertainlRdoit.Thesubjectisnotlove,butsleep.Shakespeare'sMacbethsaidit“knitsuptheraveledsleeveofcare”andwasthe"balmofhurtminds,greatn
2、ature'ssecondcourse,chiefnourisherinlife'sfeast."Cervantes'sSanchoPanzasangitspraisesas"thefoodthatcuresallhunger,thewaterthatquenchesallthirst,thefirethatwarmsthecold,thecoldthatcoolstheheart...thebalancingweightthatlevelstheshepherdwiththeking,andthesimplewiththewise."鸟儿/蜜蜂儿/甚至是苍蝇儿都需
3、要睡觉,人类当然也需要睡觉.本主题所谈论的非爱情,而是睡眠.莎士比亚说,那是”织补关照的袖口”和那是”心灵慰藉,自然的赋予,生命的滋养”科文特斯.伯查却赞歌”食足肚饿,水慰口渴,火暧冬寒,寒静热血......这均衡的赐予抚平了牧人与国王的差别,抚平了愚者与智者的差别.”2Thesimpleandthewisehavelongcontemplatedtworelatedquestions:Whatissleep,andwhRdoweneedit?AnobviousanswertothelatteristhatadequatesleepisnecessarRtostaR
4、alertandawake.Thatresponse,however,dodgestheissueandistheequivalentofsaRingthatRoueattokeepfrombeinghungrRorbreathetowardofffeelingsofsuffocation.TherealfunctionofeatingistosupplRnutrients,andthefunctionofbreathingistotakeinoRRgenandeRpelcarbondioRide.ButwehavenocomparablRstraightforwa
5、rdeRplanationforsleep.Thatsaid,sleepresearch---lessthanacenturRoldasafocusedfieldofscientificinquirR---hasgeneratedenoughinsightforinvestigatorstoatleastmakereasonableproposalsaboutthefunctionofthesomnolentstatethatconsumesonethirdofourlives.人们长期关注着两个相关的问题:什么是睡眠,为什么要睡眠?一个最新的答案是:睡眠是为了保持
6、警觉和清醒的需要.然后,这个答案回避了问题本身,如同说吃饭是为了充饥,呼吸是为了免除窒息一样.其实,吃饭的作用是提供营养,呼吸的作用是吸入氧气和呼出二氧化碳.但我们没有同样地直接回答睡眠是为了什么.也就是说,人们对睡眠的研究,在不到一个世纪以来将之作为一个重要的研究领域已经进行了充分的探究,至少对于这一占去人生三分之一的睡眠的功能提出了合理的解释.Section2Whatissleep?3DespitethedifficultRinstrictlRdefiningsleep,anobservercanusuallRtellwhenasubjectissleeping
7、:thesleeperordinarilReRhibitsrelativeinattentiontotheenvironmentandisusuallRimmobile.(Dolphinsandothermarinemammalsswimwhilesleeping,however,andsomebirdsmaRsleepthroughlongmigrations.)尽管严格定义睡眠是困难的.但是观测者一般能看出什么时候是进入睡眠状态:睡眠者通常对环境失去注意,以及静止不动.4In1953sleepresearchpioneerNathanielKleitmana
