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1、PartOneReading第一篇专业阅读Unit1MainPropulsionPlantLesson1ShipsandMachineryShipsShipsarelarge,complexvehicleswhichmustbeself-sustainingintheirenvironmentforlongperiodswithahighdegreeofreliability.Ashipistheproductoftwomainareasofskill,thoseofthenavalarchitectandthe
2、marineengineer.Thenavalarchitectisconcernedwiththehull,itsconstruction,form,habitabilityandabilitytoendureitsenvironment.Themarineengineerisresponsibleforthevarioussystemswhichpropelandoperatetheship.Morespecifically,thismeansthemachineryrequiredforpropulsion
3、,steering,anchoringandshipsecuring,cargohandling,airconditioning,powergenerationanditsdistribution.Someoverlapinresponsibilitiesoccursbetweennavalarchitectsandmarineengineersinareassuchaspropellerdesign,thereductionofnoiseandvibrationintheship'sstructure,ande
4、ngineeringservicesprovidedtoconsiderableareasoftheship.Ashipmightreasonablybedividedintothreedistinctareas:thecargo-carryingholdsortanks,theaccommodationandthemachineryspace.Dependinguponthetypeeachshipwillassumevaryingproportionsandfunctions.Anoiltanker,fori
5、nstance,willhavethecargo-carryingregiondividedintotanksbytwolongitudinalbulkheadsandseveraltransversebulkheads.Therewillbeconsiderablequantitiesofcargopipingbothaboveandbelowdecks.Thegeneralcargoshipwillhavevariouscargoholdswhichareusuallythefullwidthoftheves
6、selandformedbytransversebulkheadsalongtheship'slength.Cargohandlingequipmentwillbearrangedondeckandtherewillbelargehatchopeningsclosedwithsteelhatchcovers.Theaccommodationareasineachoftheseshiptypeswillbesufficienttomeettherequirementsfortheship'screw,provide
7、anavigatingbridgeareaandacommunicationscentre.Themachineryspacesizewillbedecidedbytheparticularmachineryinstalledandtheauxiliaryequipmentnecessary.Apassengership,however,wouldhavealargeaccommodationarea,sincethismightbeconsideredthe"cargospace".Machineryspace
8、requirementswillprobablybelargerbecauseofairconditioningequipment,stabilizersandotherpassengerrelatedequipment.Ship'stypesDependingonthenatureoftheircargo,andsometimesalsothewaythecargois
