Guidance and Control Technology

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1、3-1GuidanceandControlTechnologyErikBerglundSwedishDefenceResearchAgency17290Stockholm,Swedeneberglund@foi.seSummaryThefundamentalideasandthebasicmathematicsofthemostcommonmissileguidancelawsareoutlined.Rulesofthumbfortherequiredlateralaccelerationforthedifferentguidancelawsaregiven.Abriefsummaryo

2、fflightmechanicsisgiven.Thepitchaxiscontrolistreatedandthedynamicpropertiesareidentified.Designoftheautopilotfortheinnerloopusingmodernmethodsofcontrollerdesignisbrieflyoutlined.IntroductionPrecisionguidedweaponshaveplayedanincreasinglyimportantroleinrecentconflictsandmuchmediaattentionhasbeenfoc

3、usedonthesurgicalprecisionprovidedbymodernhigh-techweapons.However,theconceptsbehindtoday’sguidedweaponsdatebacktotheSecondWorldWarandinsomecaseseventotheFirstWorldWar.Itis,however,clearthatthetechnologicalprogresshasonlyrecentlymadeitpossibletofullyexploittheconceptofguidedweapons.Guidancecanbed

4、efinedasthestrategyforhowtosteerthemissiletointercept,whilecontrolcanbedefinedasthetacticsofusingthemissilecontrolactuatorstoimplementthestrategy.Guidancehasnormallybeendividedinto:·Targetrelatedguidance,wheretargettrackingdataareprovidedinrealtimefromasensor,whichcanbeon-boardoroff-board.·Non-ta

5、rgetrelatedguidance,wherethemissilenavigatestosomepredeterminedpoint,whichcanbethetargetorthepointwheretargetrelatedguidancecanbegin.Astheintegrationsensor-to-shooterimprovesandnearrealtimetargetingdatacanbeobtainedfromsensorsnottiedtothemissilesystem,thisdistinctionbecomeslessclear.Itmustalsoben

6、otedthattheperformanceofaffordablenavigationalsystems(integratedGPS/INS)offersprecisionintheorderofmeters.Weaponsusingnon-targetrelatedguidance,suchasJDAM,canhencecompetewithtraditionalhomingmissiles.Mid-courseguidanceandtrajectoryoptimisationAcaseofpartiallytargetrelatedguidanceismid-courseguida

7、nce,wherethemissileisguidedtothevicinityofthetargetusingtargetdatafromanexternalsensor.Mostlongrangeweaponsdesignedagainstmobiletargetsemploymid-courseguidance.Examplesofthisareair-to-airmissilessuchasAMRAAM.Air-to-air