Electron-hole_asymmetry_is_the_key_to_superconductivity

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1、Electron-holeasymmetryisthekeytosuperconductivityJ.E.HirschDepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegoLaJolla,CA92093-0319(Dated:January31,2003)Inasolid,transportofelectricitycanoccurvianegativeelectronsorviapositiveholes.Inthenormalstateofsuperconductingmat

2、erialsexperimentsshowthattransportisusuallydominatedbydressedpositiveholecarriers.Instead,inthesuperconductingstateexperimentsshowthatthesupercurrentisalwayscarriedbyundressednegativeelectroncarriers.Theseexperimentalfactsindicatethatelectron-holeasymmetryplaysafund

3、amentalroleinsuperconductivity,asproposedbythetheoryofholesuperconductivity.PACSnumbers:I.HOLESARENOTLIKEELECTRONSthebandhaveanantibondingwavefunction,withthewavefunctionhavinganodeintheregionbetweentheions.ThisdifferenceisindependentofthenatureoftheTounderstandsuper

4、conductivityinsolidsitisessen-orbitalsgivingrisetothebands:itoriginatesinthetialtounderstandthefundamentalelectron-holeasym-factthatthestatesatthebottomofthebandchoosemetryofcondensedmatter.Thisasymmetryoriginatestheirwavefunctionsoastominimizetheirkineticplusinthef

5、actthatthepositiveprotonis2000timesheavierelectron-ionenergy,andthatthestatesatthetopofthethanthenegativeelectron.bandareforcedbythePauliprincipletohavetheirwave-Whenanelectronicenergybandisalmostemptythefunctionorthogonaltoallthelowerstatesintheband.carriersareelec

6、trons,whenthebandisalmostfulltheTheantibondingelectronsnearthetopofabandarecarriersareholes.EversinceHeisenberg[1]introducednotahappybunch.Becauseofthelargeoscillationsintheconceptof’hole’in1931forthedescriptionofatomictheirwavefunctionforcedbyhavingtobeorthogonalto

7、spectra,electronsandholeshavebeenregardedasequiv-thebondingelectrons,theyhaveahighkineticenergy.alentquasiparticlesinsolids,asdescribedforexampleAlso,theirwavefunctionissuchthatitexerts’negativebyPeierls[2]:“EinBand,indemsichnurwenigeElek-pressure’thattendstobreakth

8、esolidapart(hencetheirtronenbefinden,verhaltsichinjederBeziehunggenauname,antibonding),unlikethebondingelectronsnearso,wieeinBandindemnurfu