资源描述：
《Chapter 1 Development-12》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、deJanvryandSadouletChapter1Whatisdevelopment?IssuesandindicatorsAugust22,2012Take-homemessagesforChapter11.Developmentisabouthumanwellbeing,andwellbeingisamultidimensionalconceptwithinevitabletrade-offs.Hence,thereisnotonesingledefinitionofdevelopment
2、thateverybodycanagreeupon.Anydevelopmentdiagnostic(positiveanalysis)anddevelopmentprogram(normativeanalysis)mustclearlyspecifythedefinitionofdevelopmentthatisbeingused,andthisisapersonalandsocialideologicalchoice.2.Werecognizesevendimensionsofdevelopm
3、ent:incomeandincomegrowth,povertyreductionandfoodsecurity,reducedinequalityandinequity,lesservulnerabilitytoshocks,improvedsatisfactionofbasichumanneedsinhealthandeducation,sustainabilityinresourceuse,andabroadlydefinedsatisfactoryqualityoflife.Theses
4、evendimensionscanallbemeasuredusingcorrespondingindicators.3.Besidestheprimacyofincomegrowthasthemaininstrumenttoachievedevelopmentobjectives,thereisbroadagreement,asexpressedintheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,thatthreedimensionsareessentialinmakingprogr
5、esstowarddevelopment:povertyreduction,meetingbasicneeds,andstrivingtowardsustainability.Otherdimensionsofdevelopmenthavelessconsensussupport.4.Thereisconsiderableunevennessacrosscountriesandovertimeinprogressalongthedimensionsofdevelopment,inparticula
6、rregardingconvergencetowardthepercapitaincomesofindustrializedcountries.Theobjectiveofdevelopmenteconomicsistoexplainwhythisisthecaseandtodeterminewhatcanbedonetoimprovethesituationinaccordancewithcountrydevelopmentobjectives.5.Akeyempiricalissueiswhe
7、therincomegrowthhelpsachievetheotherdimensionsofdevelopment,fromequalitytohappiness.Resultsincross-countryregressions,whilestillmarredbyendogeneityproblems,tendtoshowthatincomeisonlyaweakdeterminantofdevelopment,suggestingtheneedformoredirectintervent
8、ions,suchasthedeliveryofpublicgoods.6.Multidimensionalityofdevelopmentandheterogeneityofcountryconditionsandprioritiesimplythat,tomoreeffectivelypursuedevelopment,acountry-specificvisionofdevelopmentneedstobedetermined,comprehensivedevelopment
