afghanistan-1-language-glossary_v1_m56577569830512202

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1、©LonelyPlanetPublications227Languagesimplyleftout.ItissomeconsolationthattheEnglishvowelsoundsi(asin‘marine’)CONTENTSandu(asin‘rule’)arerepresentedinthescriptbythelettersye(
)andve(و)respect-ively(whicharealsousedtorepersenttheDari227consonantsoundsyandv/w

2、respectively).Pashto231Somevowelsoundsdohavelongvariants,butpronouncingthemshortwon’toverlyDariandPashtoaretheofficiallanguagesaffectmeaning.WetransliterateDariandofAfghanistan,butDariistheonemostPashtousingthefollowingfiveEnglishcommonlyusedasalinguafranc

3、a(linkingvowelequivalents.ormarketlanguage).LikeFarsi,DariandPashtoarewrittenusingamodifiedalpha-aasin‘father’betofthecursiveArabicscript(seep228).easin‘bed’Tajik,Uzbek,Turkmen,Kyrgyzandiasin‘marine’Wakhiareallspokenbyminoritiesinoasin‘mole’northernAfghani

4、stan.Alltheselanguagesuasin‘rule’(alongwithPashto)arecoveredinLonelyPlanet’sCentralAsiaPhrasebook.ConsonantsDariconsonantssoundsareshowninthealphabettableonp228.TherearemanyDARIconsonantsrepresentedinthescriptwithonlysubtlesounddifferences;thetranslit-Dari

5、issosimilartoFarsi(thelanguageoferationsinthisbookreducethesevariantsIran)thatevenAfghaniswilloftenrefertototheirclosestEnglishequivalent.Thefol-itasFarsi.Theprincipaldifferencebetweenlowingaretheonlyreallytrickysounds:thetwoisthatFarsicontainsmoreloanword

6、sfromArabicandTurkish.ghagutturalsoundlikeaheavyFrenchDariisanIndo-Iranianlanguageanda‘r’pronouncedatthebackofthememberoftheIndo-Europeanlanguagemouthfamily.WhileitiswritteninArabicscript,’averyweakglottalstop,liketheandrunsfromrighttoleft,itisn’trelatedso

7、undmadebetweenthewords‘uh-LANGUAGEtoArabicatall.Foramorecomprehensiveoh’orthe‘tt’inCockney‘bottle’guidetothelanguage,pickupacopyofLonelyPlanet’sFarsiPhrasebook.ACCOMMODATIONDoyouhaveanyotaghkhalidarin?PRONUNCIATION&TRANSLITERATIONroomsavailable?Translitera

8、tingDarifromitsnon-RomanscriptintotheRomanalphabetisatrickyI’dlikea...room.yakotaghe...mikhahamaffair.Inthislanguageguidethesystemsingleyaknafarausedisdesignedtobeassimpleaspossiblesharedchandnafaraforspokenc