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1、*RelevanceTheoryDEIRDREWILSON&DANSPERBERAbstractThispaperoutlinesthemainassumptionsofrelevancetheory(Sperber&Wilson1985,1995,1998,2002,Wilson&Sperber2002),aninferentialapproachtopragmatics.Relevancetheoryisbasedonadefinitionofrelevanceandtwoprinciplesofrelevance:aCognitivePrinciple(thathumancognitio
2、nisgearedtothemaximisationofrelevance),andaCommunicativePrinciple(thatutterancescreateexpectationsofoptimalrelevance).Weexplainthemotivationfortheseprinciplesandillustratetheirapplicationtoavarietyofpragmaticproblems.Weendbyconsideringtheimplicationsofthisrelevance-theoreticapproachforthearchitectur
3、eofthemind.1IntroductionRelevancetheorymaybeseenasanattempttoworkoutindetailoneofGrice’scentralclaims:thatanessentialfeatureofmosthumancommunication,bothverbalandnon-verbal,istheexpressionandrecognitionofintentions(Grice1989:Essays1-7,14,18;RetrospectiveEpilogue).Indevelopingthisclaim,Gricelaidthefo
4、undationsforaninferentialmodelofcommunication,analternativetotheclassicalcodemodel.Accordingtothecodemodel,acommunicatorencodesherintendedmessageintoasignal,whichisdecodedbytheaudienceusinganidenticalcopyofthecode.Accordingtotheinferentialmodel,acommunicatorprovidesevidenceofherintentiontoconveyacer
5、tainmeaning,whichisinferredbytheaudienceonthebasisoftheevidenceprovided.Anutteranceis,ofcourse,alinguisticallycodedpieceofevidence,sothatverbalcomprehensioninvolvesanelementofdecoding.However,thelinguisticmeaningrecoveredbydecodingisjustoneoftheinputstoanon-*AversionofthispaperwillappearinL.HornandG
6、.Ward(eds.)HandbookofPragmatics(Oxford:Blackwell),andashortenedversioninProceedingsoftheTokyoConferenceonPsycholinguistics2002.WearegratefultoLarryHorn,TomokoMatsui,YujiNishiyama,YukioOtsuandGregoryWardformanyvaluablecommentsandsuggestions.250DeirdreWilson&DanSperberdemonstrativeinferenceprocesswhic
7、hyieldsaninterpretationofthespeaker's1meaning.Thegoalofinferentialpragmaticsistoexplainhowthehearerinfersthespeaker’smeaningonthebasisoftheevidenceprovided.Therelevance-theoreticaccountisbasedonanothe
