the death of socrates

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1、THEDEATHOFSOCRATESForIrmogen,whoalwaysasks‘Why?’CONTENTSIntroduction:TheManWhoDranktheHemlock11.Socrates’Philosophy202.PoliticsandSociety523.PlatoandOthers:WhoCreatedtheDeathofSocrates?894.‘AGreekChatterbox’:TheDeathofSocratesintheRomanEmpire1195.PainandRevelation:TheDeathofSocrate

2、sandtheDeathofJesus1416.TheApotheosisofPhilosophy:FromEnlightenmenttoRevolution1707.Talk,Truth,Totalitarianism:TheProblemofSocratesinModernTimes192FurtherReading224ListofIllustrations237Acknowledgements239Index241IntroductionTHEMANWHODRANKTHEHEMLOCK‘ThemoreIreadaboutSocrates,theles

3、sIwonderthattheypoisonedhim.’Whyshouldwestillcareaboutamanwhodidlittleinhislifeexcepttalk,andwhodrankpoisoninanAthenianprisonin399bc–over2,400yearsago?Somestoriesshapethewayspeoplethink,dreamandimagine.ThedeathofSocrateshashadahugeandalmostcontinuousimpactonwesternculture.Theonlyde

4、athofcomparableimportanceinourhistoryisthatofJesus,withwhomSocrateshasoftenbeencompared.TheaimofthisbookistoexplainwhythedeathofSocrateshasmatteredsomuch,oversuchanenormouslylongperiodoftimeandtosomanydifferentpeople.ThedeathofSocrateshasalwaysbeencontroversial.TheculturesofGraeco-

5、Romanantiquityremainrelevantnotbecausewesharethebeliefsoftheancients,butbecausewecontinuetobepreoccupiedbymanyoftheirquestions,worriedbytheiranxieties,unabletoresolvetheirdilemmas.ThetrialofSocratesisthefirstcaseinrecordedhistorywhenademocraticgovernment,bydueprocessoflaw,con-demned

6、apersontodeathforhisbeliefs.Athens,oneofthe2thedeathofsocratesworld’searliestdemocracies,raisedSocrates,educatedhimandfinallysentencedhimtodeath,havingfoundhimguiltyofreligiousunorthodoxyandcorruptingtheyoung.Thetrialanditsoutcomerepresentapoliticalproblemwithwhichallsubsequentdemoc

7、raticsocietieshavestruggled:howtodealwithdissent.Socratesis,formanypeopleinthetwenty-firstcentury,apersonal,intellectualandpoliticalhero,oneofthemostobvious‘goodguys’ofhistory.Hisdeathisoftenconsid-eredaterribleblotonthereputationofdemocraticAthens;Socratesisseenasavictimofintoleran

8、ceandoppression,aherowhost