神经系统总论、脊髓

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1、TheNervousSystem山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华DivisionsCentralnervoussystem(CNS)Peripheralnervoussystem(PNS)Centralnervoussystem(CNS)Brain脑Telencephalon端脑Diencephalon间脑Cerebellum小脑Brainstem脑干Midbrain中脑Pons脑桥Medullaoblongata延髓Spinalcord脊髓Peripheralnervoussystem(PNS)Cranialn.(12pairs)

2、脑神经Spinaln.(31pairs)脊神经Visceraln.内脏神经Visceralsensoryn.VisceralmotornSympatheticpart交感神经Parasympatheticpart副交感神经CellularorganizationNeurons神经元Cellbody胞体Axon轴突Dendrites树突Neuroglia－glialcell胶质细胞StructuralclassificationBipolarneuron双极神经元hasanaxonandadendritePseudounipolar

3、neuron假单极神经元hasacentralbranchandaperipheralbranchMultipolarneuron多极神经元hasanaxonandtwoormoredendritesFunctionalclassificationSensory(efferent)neuron感觉神经元Motor(afferent)neuron运动神经元Associationneuron联络神经元Reflex:areactionoftheorganismbythenervoussysteminresponsetoastimulus

4、Reflexarc:has5basiccomponentsReceptor↓Sensoryneurons↓CNS↓Moterneurons↓EffectorReflexandreflexarcBasicterminologyinnervoussystemIntheCNSGraymatter灰质:collectionofnervecellbodiesandtheirdendrites,graycolorduringfreshconditionCortex皮质:theoutermostlayerofgraymatterincerebr

5、umandcerebellumWhitematter白质:collectionofnervefibers,whitecolorduringfreshconditionMedulla髓质:acentralcoreofwhitematterbeneathcortexofcerebrumandcerebellumNucleus神经核:acollection(group)ofcellbodieswhichhavethesameshapeandfunctionFasciculus纤维束(tract):abundleofnervefibers

6、whichhavethesameorigin,termination,pathwayandfunctionReticularformation网状结构:anadmixtureofcross-crossingfiberswithlargerorsmallergroupsofnervecellsoccupyingthemeshesInthePNSGanglion神经节:acollectionofneuronalcellbodiesoutsidetheCNSNerve神经:abundleofnervefibersheldtogether

7、byconnectivetissuesheathTheSpinalCord脊髓PositionLiesinvertebralcanalContinuousabovewithmedullaoblongataatlevelofforamenmagnumEndsbelowatlowerborderofL1inadult;atbirthatlevelofL3ExternalfeaturesAlongcylindricalstructureandslightlyflattenedanteroposteriorly,Conusmedullar

8、is（脊髓圆锥）Filumterminale（终丝）Caudaequina（马尾）TwoenlargementsCervicalenlargement（颈膨大）:correspondstotheC4totheT1segmentsLumbosacra