生物细胞：细胞分化与基因表达调控

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1、CelldifferentiationandCancercellsCelldifferentiationChapter121.AbouttheconceptofcelldifferentiationTheprocessthatacellchangestocarryoutaspecializedfunction:Markedby:Morphology/Structure/FunctionThedifferentcelltypesofamulticellularorganismcontainthesameDNA.

2、Acellcanchangetheexpressionofitsgenesinresponsetoexternalsignals.DifferencesinmRNAexpressionpatternsamongdifferentcelltypes.Differentcelltypessynthesizedifferentsetsofproteins.GeneexpressioncanberegulatedatmanyofthestepsinthepathwayfromDNAtoRNAtoprotein.The

3、fouressentialprocessesbywhichamulticellularorganismismade:Cellproliferation,Cellspecialization,Cellinteraction,andCellmovement.CelldifferentiationoccursinmulticellularorganismsHuman:1014cells,>200celltypes2.Whyafertilizedeggcandevelopintodifferentcells:Gene

4、differentiatedexpress分子杂交技术检测基因及其表达3.CombinationalcontrolandGenedifferentiatedexpresspp.416:12-1:2n(n=3,A,B,C)4.House-keepinggenesandluxurygenesHouse-keepinggenes:Expressedinallcelltypes,essentialforallcellsLuxurygenes:Tissue-specificgenes,expressedinspecia

5、lcellsSequentialexpressionofvariousgenesinearlyDrosophilaembryo5.Transdifferentiation:FromonetypeofcellintoanothertypeIncludes:Dedifferentiation---Redifferentiation去分化再分化Celltotipotency(细胞全能性)1.PlantcellsTheabilityofacelldevelopsintoacompleteorganism植物细胞具有全

6、能性，在适宜条件下可培育成完整植株，已广泛应用2.Animalcloning—Transplantationoffrogredcellnucleusindicatedthenucleusofanimalistotipotency(全能性)AneworganismcreatedbytheprocessofnucleartransplantationDolly:AlambwithnofathercThesheepstar:Dolly克隆能给人类带来什么？克隆动物是未来的制药厂克隆的爱因斯坦会懂“相对论”吗Stem

7、cellanditsdifferentiationpotential1.Whatisastemcell?Hastwoabilities:(1)Self-renewing(2)Differentiating2.Wheretogetthestemcells?(1)Embryonicstemcells(2)Adultstemcells(3)Umbilicalcordbloodstemcells(4)Fetalstemcells3.Typesofstemcells:differentiationpotential(1

8、)Monopotentialstemcell(2)Pluripotentstemcells(3)EmbryonicstemcellsTwowaysforastemcelltoproducedaughterswithdifferentfates4.Whydoresearchersstudystemcells?Forrepairingtissuedamagecausedbydiseaseorinjury