资源描述：
《Computer Organization And Design (Patterson-Hennessy) 3Rd Ed》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、1FundamentalsofComputerDesign1Andnowforsomethingcompletelydifferent.MontyPython’sFlyingCircus1.1Introduction11.2TheTaskofaComputerDesigner31.3TechnologyandComputerUsageTrends61.4CostandTrendsinCost81.5MeasuringandReportingPerformance181.6QuantitativePrinciplesof
2、ComputerDesign291.7PuttingItAllTogether:TheConceptofMemoryHierarchy391.8FallaciesandPitfalls441.9ConcludingRemarks511.10HistoricalPerspectiveandReferences53Exercises601.1IntroductionComputertechnologyhasmadeincredibleprogressinthepasthalfcentury.In1945,therewere
3、nostored-programcomputers.Today,afewthousanddollarswillpurchaseapersonalcomputerthathasmoreperformance,moremainmemo-ry,andmorediskstoragethanacomputerboughtin1965for$1million.Thisrapidrateofimprovementhascomebothfromadvancesinthetechnologyusedtobuildcomputersand
4、frominnovationincomputerdesign.Whiletechnologicalimprovementshavebeenfairlysteady,progressarisingfrombettercomputerarchitectureshasbeenmuchlessconsistent.Duringthefirst25yearsofelec-troniccomputers,bothforcesmadeamajorcontribution;butbeginninginabout1970,computer
5、designersbecamelargelydependentuponintegratedcircuittech-nology.Duringthe1970s,performancecontinuedtoimproveatabout25%to30%peryearforthemainframesandminicomputersthatdominatedtheindustry.Thelate1970ssawtheemergenceofthemicroprocessor.Theabilityofthemicroprocesso
6、rtoridetheimprovementsinintegratedcircuittechnologymorecloselythanthelessintegratedmainframesandminicomputersledtoahigherrateofimprovement—roughly35%growthperyearinperformance.2Chapter1FundamentalsofComputerDesignThisgrowthrate,combinedwiththecostadvantagesofama
7、ss-producedmicroprocessor,ledtoanincreasingfractionofthecomputerbusinessbeingbasedonmicroprocessors.Inaddition,twosignificantchangesinthecomputermarketplacemadeiteasierthaneverbeforetobecommerciallysuccessfulwithanewarchitecture.First,thevirtualeliminationofassem
8、blylanguageprogram-mingreducedtheneedforobject-codecompatibility.Second,thecreationofstandardized,vendor-independentoperatingsystems,suchasUNIX,loweredthecostandrisko
