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1、ESSAYWhitesides'Group:WritingaPaper**ByGeorgeM.Whitesides*1.WhatisaScientificPaper?donotagreeontheoutline,anytextisuseless.Muchofthetimeinwritingapapergoesintothetext;mostofthethoughtApaperisanorganizeddescriptionofhypotheses,dataandgoesintotheorganizationofthedat
2、aandintotheanalysis.Itconclusions,intendedtoinstructthereader.Papersareacen-canberelativelyefficientintimetogothroughseveral(eventralpartofresearch.Ifyourresearchdoesnotgeneratemany)cyclesofanoutlinebeforebeginningtowritetext;papers,itmightjustaswellnothavebeendon
3、e.ªInterestingwritingmanyversionsofthefulltextofapaperisslow.andunpublishedºisequivalenttoªnon-existentº.AllwritingthatIdoÐpapers,reports,proposals(and,ofRealizethatyourobjectiveinresearchistoformulateandcourse,slidesforseminars)ÐIdofromoutlines.Iurgeyoutotesthypo
4、theses,todrawconclusionsfromthesetests,andtolearnhowtousethemaswell.teachtheseconclusionstoothers.Yourobjectiveisnottoªcollectdataº.Apaperisnotjustanarchivaldeviceforstoringacom-2.2.HowShouldYouConstructanOutline?pletedresearchprogram;itisalsoastructureforplanning
5、yourresearchinprogress.Ifyouclearlyunderstandthepur-Theclassicalapproachistostartwithablankpieceofposeandformofapaper,itcanbeimmenselyusefultoyouinpaper,andwritedown,inanyorder,allimportantideasthatorganizingandconductingyourresearch.Agoodoutlineforoccurtoyouconce
6、rningthepaper.Askyourselftheobviousthepaperisalsoagoodplanfortheresearchprogram.Youquestions:ªWhydidIdothiswork?º;ªWhatdoesitmean?º;shouldwriteandrewritetheseplans/outlinesthroughouttheªWhathypothesesdidImeantotest?º;ªWhatonesdidIcourseoftheresearch.Atthebeginning
7、,youwillhavemostlyactuallytest?º;ªWhatweretheresults?Didtheworkyieldaplan;attheend,mostlyoutline.Thecontinuousefforttoun-newmethodofcompound?What?º;ªWhatmeasurementsderstand,analyze,summarize,andreformulatehypothesesondidImake?º;ªWhatcompounds?Howweretheycharacter
8、-paperwillbeimmenselymoreefficientforyouthanaprocessized?º.Sketchpossibleequations,figures,andschemes.Itisinwhichyoucollectdataandonlystarttoorganizethe
