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1、SoftwareRequirementsEngineering:What,Why,Who,When,andHowByLindaWestfallKeywords:requirementsengineering,requirementselicitation,requirementsanalysis,requirementsspecification,requirementsmanagement,stakeholderABSTRACTIfsoftwarerequirementsarenotright,companieswillnotendup
2、withthesoftwaretheyneed.Thisarticlewilldiscuss:•What:Thevariouslevelsandtypesofrequirementsthatneedtobedefined•Why:Thebenefitsofhavingtherightsoftwarerequirements•Who:Thestakeholdersofthesoftwarerequirementsandgettingtheminvolvedintheprocess•When:Requirementsactivitiesthr
3、oughoutthesoftwaredevelopmentlifecycle•How:Techniquesforeliciting,analyzing,specifying,andvalidatingsoftwarerequirementsWHATRequirementsmustbedeterminedandagreedtobythecustomers,users,andsuppliersofasoftwareproductbeforethesoftwarecanbebuilt.Therequirementsdefinethe“what”
4、ofasoftwareproduct:•Whatthesoftwaremustdotoaddvalueforitsstakeholders.Thesefunctionalrequirementsdefinethecapabilitiesofthesoftwareproduct.•Whatthesoftwaremustbetoaddvalueforitsstakeholders.Thesenonfunctionalrequirementsdefinethecharacteristics,properties,orqualitiesthatt
5、hesoftwareproductmustpossess.Theydefinehowwelltheproductperformsitsfunctions.•Whatlimitationsthereareonthechoicesthatdevelopershavewhenimplementingthesoftware.Theexternalinterfacedefinitionsandotherconstraintsdefinetheselimitations.Mostsoftwarepractitionersjusttalkabout“t
6、herequirements.”However,byrecognizingthattherearedifferentlevelsandtypesofrequirements,asillustratedinFigure1adaptedfromKarlWiegers(2004),practitionersgainabetterunderstandingofwhatinformationtheyneedtoelicit,analyze,specify,andvalidatewhentheydefinetheirsoftwarerequireme
7、nts.Businessrequirementsdefinethebusinessproblemstobesolvedorthebusinessopportunitiestobeaddressedbythesoftwareproduct.Ingeneral,thebusinessrequirementsdefinewhythesoftwareproductisbeingdeveloped.BusinessrequirementsCopyright©2005-2006TheWestfallTeam.AllRightsReserved.are
8、typicallystatedintermsoftheobjectivesoftheBusinesscustomerororganizationLevelRequirementsBusines
