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1、RESEARCHDESIGNQualitative,Quantitative,andmixedmethodsapproachesSECONDEDITIONJOHNW.CRESWELL1BriefContentsPrefacexixAcknowledgmentxxviPart1:PreliminaryConsiderations11.AFrameworkforDesign32.ReviewoftheLiterature273.WritingStrategiesandEthicalConsiderations49PartII.DesigningResearch7
2、14.Theintroduction735.ThepurposeStatement876.ResearchquestionsandHypotheses1057.TheuseofTheory1198.Definitions,Limitations,andSignificance1429.Quantitativemethods15310.QualitativeProcedures17911.MixedMethodProcedures208Reference228Authorindex237Subjectindex240AbouttheAuthor2462CHAP
3、TERONEAFrameworkFordesignInthepasttwodecades,researchapproacheshavemultipliedtoapointatwhichinvestigatoryorinquireshavemanychoices.Forthosedesigningaproposalorplan,Irecommendthatageneralframeworkbeadoptedtoprovideguidanceaboutallfacetsofthestudy,fromassessingthegeneralphilosophical
4、ideasbeingtheinquirytothedetaileddatacollectionandanalysisprocedures.Usinganextantframeworkalsoallowsresearcherstolodgetheirplansinideaswellgroupedintheliteratureandrecognizedbyaudiences(e.g.,facultycommittee)thatreadandsupportproposalsforresearch.Whatframeworksexistfordesigningapr
5、oposal.Althoughdifferenttypesandtermsaboundintheliterature,Iwillfocusonthree:quantitative,qualitative,andmixedmethodsapproaches.Thefirsthasbeenavailabletothesocialandhumanscientistforyears,thesecondhasemergedprimarilyduringthelastthreeorfourdecades,andthelastsisnewandstilldevelopin
6、ginformandsubstance.Thischapterintroducesthereaderothethreeapproachestoresearch,Isuggestthattounderstandthem,theproposaldeveloperneedstoconsiderthreeframeworkelements:philosophicalassumptionsaboutwhatconstitutesknowledgeclaims;generalproceduresofresearchcalledstrategiesofinquiry,an
7、ddetailedproceduresofdatacollection,analysis,andwriting,calledmethods.Qualitative,quantitative,andmixedmethodsapproachesframeeachoftheseelementsdifferently,andthesedifferencesareidentifiedanddiscussedinthischapter.Thentypicalscenariosthatcombinehethreeelementsareadvanced,followedby
8、thereasonswheyonewouldchoo
