oppoturnity of national parks

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1、NationalParksAndSustainableDevelopment:TheOpportunitiesAndConstraintsOfDoingBusinessInAProtectedEnvironmentShannonK.OrrAssistantProfessorBowlingGreenStateUniversityBowlingGreen,OHskorr@bgnet.bgsu.edu*Preparedfordeliveryatthe2006AnnualMeetingoftheAmericanPoliticalScienceA

2、ssociation,September1-4,2005CopyrightbytheAmericanPoliticalScienceAssociation*pleasecontactauthorforuptodateversionofpaper2INTRODUCTIONNationalparksarecreatedaspristinewildernessreserves,andyetatthesametimearedesignedfortheuseandenjoymentofvisitors.Thefirstinvolvesisolat

3、ingparksfromadversehumanimpacts,thesecond,makingparksaccessibletothepublic(Lowry1994,Kopas2000).WithinCanada,policymakershavetriedtoresolvethisconflictbetweenecologicalprotectionandsupportingtheenjoymentofpresentandfuturegenerationsofparkvisitorsthroughtheadoptionofsusta

4、inabledevelopmentprinciples.ThepurposeofthisresearchistoexploretheroleofbusinesswithinBanffNationalPark,andtodeterminehowthecommercialenvironmentcreatedbythebusinesscommunityaffectsthegoalofsustainabledevelopmentwithintheparks.SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTTheWorldCommissiononEn

5、vironmentandDevelopment(alsoknownastheBrundtlandCommission)definedsustainabledevelopmentas"developmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds"(WorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment1987).Sustainabledevelopmentm

6、ustbothsatisfyhumanneedsandatthesametimeincluderesponsibleuseofsociety’sscarceresources.InCanada,thisideahasbeenintegratedintofederallegislationthoughtheAuditorGeneralAct(1995).Whileextensiveresearchhasbeendoneonthetheoriesandpracticeofsustainabledevelopmentingeneral,res

7、earchhasnotyetbeendoneonthemeaningandpracticeofsustainabledevelopmentforprotectedspacessuchasnationalparks.3BANFFNATIONALPARKIn1885,withthesupportoftheCanadianPacificRailway(CPR)whichhadreachedthesitetwoyearsearlier,theCanadiangovernmentdeclaredthe10squaremilesaroundtheB

8、anffhotspringsinBanff,Albertaasreservedland.ThetownsiteofBanffwasdemarcatedin1886,andtwoyearslatertheCP