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1、CONTENTSForeword2ExecutiveSummary6Summaryofrecommendations18RecommendationsfortheBank1Shapetomorrow’spaymentsystem252Enableinnovationthroughmodernfinancialinfrastructure413Supportthedataeconomythroughstandardsandprotocols564Championglobalstandardsforfinance675Promotet
2、hesmoothtransitiontoalow-carboneconomy806Adapttotheneedsofachangingdemographic907Safeguardthefinancialsystemfromevolvingrisks1028Enhanceprotectionagainstcyber-risks1169Embracedigitalregulation129AppendixGlossary144Acknowledgements145FOREWORDTheGovernoraskedmelastyeart
3、oleadareviewofthefutureoftheUK’sfinancialsystem,andwhatitmightmeanfortheBankofEngland’sagenda,toolkitandcapabilitiesoverthecomingdecade.Weagreedthisworkshouldbegroundedinhowfinanceservestheeconomy.Andinturn,howtheBankcanenableinnovation,empowercompetitionandbuildresil
4、ience.TheteamandIhavekeptthisuppermostinourminds.Overthepastninemonths,Ihavemetwithover300entrepreneurs,financiers,techfirms,globalinvestors,consumergroups,charities,policymakersandbusinessleadersacrosstheUnitedKingdomandoverseas.AteachroundtableormeetingIaskedforwork
5、ablesuggestionsforhowtoimprovefinanceandwhatwecanlearnfromothermarketsorpilots.Forexample,CEOTomBlomfieldandhisteamatMonzoareharnessingtechnologytoauthenticateandprovidebasicbankaccountsforpeoplewhohavebeengrantedasylumintheUK.BetterdigitalidentificationintheUK,heargu
6、ed,couldhelpreducethecostoffinancetolessadvantagedgroups.AtOakNorth,co-founderRishiKhoslaisusingmachinelearningtobringlargebusinesslendingtechniquestounderservedsmallandmid-sizedbusinesses.Permissionedsharingofpublicdata,suchastaxreturns,hethoughtcouldhelpunlocksaving
7、sforsmallbusinesses.Ialsolookedathowdatastandardsandprotocolscanimprovetheplumbingofcapitalmarketsandempowercompetition.Itisstrikingfrommymeetingsthattheworld’slargestassetowners,insurancecompanies,assetmanagersandindexprovidersdon’tyetfeeltheyhavesufficientlyrobustda
8、tatoassesswhetherindividualcompaniesaretransition-readyforclimatechange.Ihaveinvestigatednewvulnerabilitiesandevolvingrisks.