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1、35CulturalDiversityandCulturalDifferencesHOMIK.BHABHA*[THE]REVISIONOFthehistoryofcriticaltheoryrests…onthenotionofculturaldifference,notculturaldiversity.Culturaldiversityisanepistemologicalobject—cultureasanobjectofempiricalknowledge—whereasculturaldifferenceis
2、theprocessoftheenunciationofcultureas‘knowledgeable’,authoritative,adequatetotheconstructionofsystemsofculturalidentification.Ifculturaldiversityisacategoryofcomparativeethics,aesthetics,orethnology,culturaldifferenceisaprocessofsignificationthroughwhichstatemen
3、tsofcultureoronculturedifferentiate,discriminate,andauthorizetheproductionoffieldsofforce,reference,applicability,andcapacity.Culturaldiversityistherecognitionofpre-givencultural‘contents’andcustoms,heldinatime-frameofrelativism;itgivesrisetoanodyneliberalnotion
4、sofmulticulturalism,culturalexchange,orthecultureofhumanity.Culturaldiversityisalsotherepresentationofaradicalrhetoricoftheseparationoftotalizedculturesthatliveunsulliedbytheintertextualityoftheirhistoricallocations,safeintheUtopianismofamythicmemoryofauniquecol
5、lectiveidentity.Culturaldiversitymayevenemergeasasystemofthearticulationandexchangeofculturalsignsincertain…imperialistaccountsofanthropology.ThroughtheconceptofculturaldifferenceIwanttodrawattentiontothecommongroundandlostterritoryofcontemporarycriticaldebates.
6、Fortheyallrecognizethattheproblemoftheculturalemergesonlyatthesignificatoryboundariesofcultures,wheremeaningsandvaluesare(mis)readorsignsaremisappropriated….Thetimeofliberationis,asFanonpowerfullyevokes,atimeofculturaluncertainty,and,mostcrucially,ofsignificator
7、yorrepresentationalundecidability:But[nativeintellectuals]forgetthattheformsofthoughtandwhat[they]feed…on,togetherwithmoderntechniquesofinformation,languageanddresshavedialecticallyreorganizedthepeople’s*From‘TheCommitmenttoTheory’NewFormations5,1988.206CULTURAL
8、DIVERSITYANDCULTURALDIFFERENCESintelligencesandtheconstantprinciples(ofnationalart)whichactedassafeguardsduringthecolonialperiodarenowundergoingextremelyradicalchange
