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1、MedicalImageProcessingOverviewHongmeiZhu,UniversityofCalgaryBiomedicalimageprocessinghasexperienceddramaticexpansion,andhasbeenaninterdisciplinaryresearchfieldattractingexpertisefromappliedmathematics,computersciences,engineering,statistics,physics,biologyandmedicine.Computer-aideddiagn
2、osticprocessinghasalreadybecomeanimportantpartofclinicalroutine.Accompaniedbyarushofnewdevelopmentofhightechnologyanduseofvariousimagingmodalities,morechallengesarise;forexample,howtoprocessandanalyzeasignificantvolumeofimagessothathighqualityinformationcanbeproducedfordiseasediagnosesa
3、ndtreatment.Theprincipalobjectivesofthiscoursearetoprovideanintroductiontobasicconceptsandtechniquesformedicalimageprocessingandtopromoteinterestsforfurtherstudyandresearchinmedicalimagingprocessing.1.PRINCIPLESOFMAGNETICRESONANCEIMAGINGDuringthepastfewdecades,withtheincreasingavailabil
4、ityofrelativelyinexpensivecomputationalresources,computedtomography(CT),magneticresonanceimaging(MRI),dopplerultrasound,andvariousimagingtechniquesbasedonnuclearemission(PET(positronemissiontomography),SPECT(singlephotonemissioncomputedtomography),etc)haveallbeenvaluableadditionstothera
5、diologist’sarsenalofimagingtoolstowardevermorereliabledetectionanddiagnosisofdisease.Tomographicimagingprinciplesarerootedinphysics,mathematics,computerscience,andengineering.Here,wemainlyfocusontheconceptualoverviewoftheprinciplesofMRI,oneofthemajorimagingmodalitiescurrentlyinuse.Excel
6、lentdetaileddiscussionscanbefoundinNishimura[1]andLiangandLauterbur[2].WhatisMRI?Briefly,itisatomographicimagingtechniquethatproducesimagesofinternalphysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofanobjectfromexternallymeasurednuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)signals.MRimagingisbasedonthewell-knownNMRp
7、henomenonindependentlydiscoveredbyBlochandhiscoworkersatStanford[3]andPurcellandhiscolleaguesatHarvard[4]in1946.BlochandPurcellsharedtheNobelprizeinphysicsforthisdiscoveryin1952.AnMRscannershowninFig.1.1consistsofthreemainhardwarecomponents:amainmagnet,amagneticfieldgradientsys
